Portuguese validation of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire short version in youth: Validity, reliability and invariance across gender and age

IntroductionThe cognitive emotions regulation questionnaire (CERQ) is a 36-item questionnaire to measures specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies used in response to the experience of threatening or stressful life events. The Portuguese version of CERQ proved to be a reliable and valid measure to evaluate eight dimensions: Positive reappraisal and planning, positive refocusing, rumination, blaming others, putting into perspective and self-blame.ObjectiveTo confirm the dimensional structure of a Portuguese short version of the CERQ using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).MethodItems selection was based on the previous results of the exploratory factor analysis of the 36-items version. Items presenting the highest loading (≥ 70) in their respective factor were selected. A preliminary short version composed of 22 items were answered by a sample of 480 university students (81.9% females), with a mean age of 19.49 years (SD = 2.047; range = 17–30). CFA (using Mplus software) was used to test if the eight dimensions’ model suggested by prior exploratory factor analyses fitted the data.ResultsThe eight dimensions’ model has a good fit (χ2 = 424.015, P < .01; RMSEA = 0.056, 90%CI = 0.049–0.063; CFI = 0.930; TLI = 0.910; SRMR = 0.051). Although composed of fewer numbers of items, all subscales presented good reliability (Cronbach alpha< 70).ConclusionsThe CERQ-22 is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate cognitive emotion regulation strategies in young adults. Being a shorter version it is particularly useful for multivariate and prospective studies. In the near future we will test this structure in a clinical sample.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Validation of the short version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Spanish children

Journal of Child Health Care ◽

10.1177/1367493518777306 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 87-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mireia Orgilés ◽

Alexandra Morales ◽

Iván Fernández-Martínez ◽

Silvia Melero ◽

José P Espada

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Middle Childhood ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Short Version ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Positive Reappraisal ◽

Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽

Self Blame ◽

Negative Results ◽

Other Blame

This study aimed to validate a short version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Spanish kids (CERQ-Sk) based on the 18-item version available for adults. A sample of 654 children aged 7–12 years completed the CERQ-Sk and tests for depression and anxiety measures. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the 18-item version and the original nine-factor structure, which includes self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing, and other-blame (comparative fit index = .99, Tucker–Lewis index = .98, root mean square error of approximation = .02). Internal consistency was adequate (ordinal α = .80), and the eight-week stability of this version was moderate (intraclass correlation = .69). Criterion validity was supported by correlations among self-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing (positive) and among positive reappraisal and depression and anxiety symptoms (negative). Results suggest that the short version of the CERQ-Sk is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing these cognitive emotion regulation strategies during the middle childhood developmental period. Clinicians and researchers will benefit from this briefer acceptable version when time is not available for the 36-item version. This study offers preliminary results for the first short version of the CERQ for children.

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Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Spanish Kids--Short Version

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t77115-000 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mireia Orgilés ◽

Alexandra Morales ◽

Iván Fernández-Martínez ◽

Silvia Melero ◽

José P. Espada

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Short Version ◽

Cognitive Emotion Regulation

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Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire--Short Version

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t07143-000 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Garnefski ◽

Vivian Kraaij

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Short Version ◽

Cognitive Emotion Regulation

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Kognitive Emotionsregulation und Psychopathologie: Erste teststatistische Untersuchung des deutschen Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) in einer klinischen Stichprobe

Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1661-4747/a000248 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 255-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefanie M. Görgen ◽

Noelle Loch ◽

Wolfgang Hiller ◽

Michael Witthöft

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Somatoforme Störungen ◽

Cognitive Emotion Regulation

Zusammenfassung. Ein besseres Verständnis der Rolle von Prozessen und Stilen der Emotionsregulation (ER) im Kontext psychischer Störungen erscheint essentiell, um psychische Störungsmodelle und Behandlungskonzepte zu optimieren. Diese Studie überprüfte den Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) in einer klinischen Stichprobe von ambulanten Psychotherapiepatienten (N = 156) hinsichtlich seiner teststatistischen Güte sowie im Hinblick auf Zusammenhänge mit Psychopathologie. Der CERQ wies eine gute Reliabilität (.70 ≤ α ≤ .84) sowie faktorielle Validität auf. Im Vergleich zu einer Bevölkerungsstichprobe berichtete die klinische Stichprobe höhere Ausprägungen in dysfunktionalen und niedrigere Ausprägungen in funktionalen ER-Strategien. Mittels eines Strukturgleichungsmodells zeigte sich, dass unter Berücksichtigung der Skaleninterkorrelationen drei kognitive ER-Strategien einen signifikanten und inkrementellen Beitrag zur Vorhersage der Gruppenzugehörigkeit zur klinischen Gruppe leisten (Rumination, Planung, Andere beschuldigen). Die klinischen Subgruppen (depressive, Angst- und somatoforme Störungen) unterschieden sich nicht signifikant hinsichtlich des Einsatzes einzelner ER-Strategien. Der Einsatz des CERQ kann auch in klinischen Stichproben empfohlen werden, um transdiagnostisch relevante Prozesse einer veränderten Emotionsregulation zu untersuchen.

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Der Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ)

Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1026/1616-3443/a000079 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 94-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Noelle Loch ◽

Wolfgang Hiller ◽

Michael Witthöft

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Cognitive Emotion Regulation

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Der Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001 ) erfasst neun Dimensionen kognitiver Emotionsregulation. Fragestellung: Es wurde eine deutsche Adaption des CERQ entwickelt und hinsichtlich Reliabilität, Dimensionalität und Zusammenhängen mit Depressivität und Angstsensitivität getestet. Methode: Die Studie wurde als postalische Fragebogenstudie durchgeführt. Von den zufällig ausgewählt und angeschriebenen 3000 Personen, sendeten 423 den Fragebogen zurück, die finale Stichprobe umfasste N = 414. Angstsensitivität und Depressivität wurden mit dem ASI-3 und dem PHQ-9 erfasst. Ergebnisse: Das 9-Faktorenmodell des CERQ konnte nach einer Verringerung auf drei Items pro Faktor zufriedenstellend repliziert werden. Angstsensitivität und Depressivität zeigten stärkere Zusammenhänge mit dysfunktionalen als mit funktionalen ER-Strategien. Am stärksten waren sie mit Katastrophisierung, Selbstbeschuldigung, Rumination, Neubewertung und Positiver Refokussierung, am schwächsten mit Akzeptanz und Refokussierung auf Planung. Schlussfolgerungen: Der deutsche CERQ ist hinsichtlich Skalenstruktur, Reliabilität und Zusammenhängen mit psychopathologischen Merkmalen vergleichbar mit der niederländischen Originalversion. Obwohl weitere Untersuchungen, insbesondere zur Konstruktvalidität, nötig sind, erscheint der CERQ geeignet für den Einsatz in der Emotionsregulationsforschung.

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Exploring Particular Facets of Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Their Relationships With Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000566 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 280-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nir Madjar ◽

Nicole Segal ◽

Gilad Eger ◽

Gal Shoval

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

High School Students ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽

Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽

School Students ◽

Self Injury ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Abstract. Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been found to be associated with poor emotion regulation. Aims: The goal of this study was to examine the association of multidimensional cognitive emotion regulation strategies with NSSI among adolescents and compare the different patterns of NSSI. Method: A sample of 594 high-school students (54.4% boys; mean age = 14.96 years), from five regional schools across Israel, were assessed for five facets of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (acceptance, refocus on planning, positive refocusing, putting into perspective, and positive reappraisal) and NSSI behaviors using validated scales. Participants were allocated into three groups: repetitive NSSI (more than six occasions of NSSI; 7.1%), occasional NSSI (at least one incident but less than six; 8.3%), and no NSSI (84.6%). Results: Analysis of covariance, controlling for gender and depression symptoms, revealed that students with NSSI reported higher levels of acceptance, but lower levels of refocus on planning and putting into perspective. Limitations: The study used a cross-sectional design, which was a limitation. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that particular cognitive emotion regulation strategies differ substantially in their relationship with NSSI. Adolescents who focus on planning and putting stressful situations into perspective may have increased resilience, whereas adolescents who are accepting of negative events that have happened may be more prone to maladaptive coping behaviors.

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