A three-factor model of personality predicts changes in depression and subjective well-being following positive psychology interventions

In the subjective well-being (SWB) measurement model, there are three models used by researchers, namely one-factor model (unidimension), two-factors model, and three-factor model. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the SWB measure and compare the measurement model of SWB with confirmatory factor analysis method. The total subjects used in this study were 1,003 people with an age range of 14 - 50 years. Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used as SWB measurements. The results showed all dimensions have Alpha reliability above 0.80 with item-total correlation above 0.3. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that all items are well distributed to their dimensions with a factor loading above 0.4. Thus the scale in this study has satisfactory validity and reliability. The comparison of three hypothetical model showed that the three-factor model has the best model fit compared to the other two models. This finding provides evidence that the three components in the SWB construct are separate and independent of each other.

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A Critical Overview of Research Studies on the Role of Positive Psychology Interventions in Enhancing Subjective Well-Being among High School Students

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0303.209 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jayashree Sanghani ◽

Saroj Arya

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

High School Students ◽

Positive Psychology ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Positive Psychology Interventions ◽

Critical Overview

In the present educational system, students face a lot of pressure, stress and expectation from self and others which leads to experiencing negative emotions. These factors hinder children’s all round development and scholastic achievement leading to low subjective well-being and poor life satisfaction. Hence, there is a need to foster positive emotions. A critical overview has been done on the role of Positive Psychology Interventions in enhancing positive emotions of the students in experiencing well-being, and satisfaction. School psychology has been focusing on addressing the problem and providing solutions. Experiencing positive emotions is more important for accomplishment and well-being than the absence of negative emotions. The essence of Positive Psychology Interventions is to remove what is wrong and bring in what is strong, by fostering positive factors important for flourishing and accomplishment. Research has shown that Positive Psychology Interventions are significantly related to student well-being which can augment life satisfaction.

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Incorporating positive psychology interventions into the Year 7 science curriculum: Impact on student well-being and academic outcomes

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e574802013-166 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

G. K. Brennan ◽

B. Beatty ◽

L. Waters

Keyword(s):

Positive Psychology ◽

Academic Outcomes ◽

Science Curriculum ◽

Well Being ◽

Positive Psychology Interventions

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Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: a practice-friendly meta-analysis

Journal of Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1002/jclp.20593 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 467-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 1073

Author(s):

Nancy L. Sin ◽

Sonja Lyubomirsky

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Positive Psychology ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Positive Psychology Interventions

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Studying Subjective Well-Being during a Quarantine

Virginia Journal of Business, Technology, and Science ◽

10.51390/vajbts.v1i1.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Browning ◽

E. Scott Geller

Keyword(s):

Positive Psychology ◽

Mood State ◽

Well Being ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Mood States ◽

Control Group ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Psychology Class ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

To investigate the impact of writing a gratitude letter on particular mood states, we asked students in two university classes (a research class and a positive psychology class) to complete a 15-item mood assessment survey (MAS) twice a day (once in the morning and once at night). The research students who signed up for one or two pass/fail field-study credits in a research class also completed the MAS twice a day, but they did not write the weekly gratitude letter that was expected from the students in the positive psychology class. Each mood state was averaged per each day for the participants in each group and compared between the Gratitude Group and the Control Group. No group difference occurred for some mood states like “incompetent,” but for the “unmotivated” mood state, a significant difference was found. To investigate the potential effect of weekday, we compared the average mood rating between groups for each day of the week. For the mood state of “unmotivated”, a remarkable dip occurred on Wednesday for the Gratitude group, but not for the Control group. These results indicated that writing a gratitude letter increased the benefactor’s motivation, especially on the day when it was accomplished.

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What are people saying when they report they are happy or life satisfied

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.32.3.229121 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 803 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Americo Baptista ◽

Cristina Camilo ◽

Isabel Santos ◽

Jose De Almeida Brites ◽

Joana Brites Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Positive Psychology ◽

Well Being ◽

Graphic Representation ◽

Hedonic Model ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Hedonic Models ◽

Single Item ◽

Small Variance ◽

Reversed Order

<p><span lang="EN-GB">The study of happiness was dominated with the model of subjective well-being. With the advent of positive psychology the eudaimonic and hedonic models entered the field, but major surveys continue to use single-item measures of life satisfaction or happiness. We study the associations between life satisfaction and happiness, measured single-items with a graphic representation of a ladder and a thermometer, and three models of happiness: the subjective well-being, the eudaimonic and hedonic. The results showed that subjective well-being was the main predictor of life satisfaction and hedonic model also predicted a small amount of this variable. For happiness the predictors were the same but in reversed order, the main predictor was the hedonic model and a small variance was explained by subjective well-being. Contrary to our hypothesis the eudaimonic perspective of happiness was not a predictor in none of the models. These results underline the importance of the interaction between a cognitive or appraisal perspective and the hedonic perspectives for the study of happiness.</span></p>

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Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Antonovsky’s Orientation to Life Questionnaire: Comparison Between Australian, Finnish, and Turkish Young Adults

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/0033294118765420 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 731-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Timo Lajunen

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Factor Model ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Single Factor ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Health And Well Being ◽

Three Factor ◽

Single Factor Model

Antonovsky’s concept “sense of coherence” (SOC) and the related measurement instrument “The Orientation to Life Questionnaire” (OLQ) has been widely applied in studies on health and well-being. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the cultural differences in factor structures and psychometric properties as well as mean scores of the 13-item form of Antonovsky’s OLQ among Australian (n = 201), Finnish (n = 203), and Turkish (n = 152) students. Three models of factor structure were studied by using confirmatory factor analysis: single-factor model, first-order correlated-three-factor model, and the second-order three-factor model. Results obtained in all three countries suggest that the first- and second-order three-factor models fitted the data better that the single-factor model. Hence, the OLQ scoring based on comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness scales was supported. Scale reliabilities and inter-correlations were in line with those reported in earlier studies. Two-way analyses of variance (gender × nationality) with age as a covariate showed no cultural differences in SOC scale scores. Women got higher scores on the meaningfulness scale than men, and age was positively related to all SOC scale scores indicating that SOC increases in early adulthood. The results support the three-factor model of OLQ which thus should be used in Australia, Finland, and Turkey instead of a single-factor model. Need for cross-cultural studies taking into account cultural correlates of SOC and its relation to health and well-being indicators as well as studies on gender differences in the OLQ are emphasized.

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Factor Structure and Reliability of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) in Russian Population

Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy ◽

10.17759/cpp.2018260306 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 105-126

Author(s):

J.M. Poliakova ◽

M.G. Sorokova ◽

N.G. Garanian

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

External Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

Dyadic Adjustment ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Dyadic Adjustment Scale ◽

Russian Version ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Three Factor

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Russian-version of G. Spanier’s Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). 302 subjects (84 couples) participated in this research and each partner responded individually to the PFB or to both scales. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure of the scale, which was endorsed by the means of confirmatory factor analysis. Three subscales and total score revealed appropriate reliability — internal consistency and split reliability. The construct validity was confirmed by correlations between DAS subscales and other instruments testing theoretically close constructs. External validity was confirmed by correlations between DAS subscales and perfectionism which shows that mentally focusing on one’s imperfections and failures is negatively related to subjective well-being in a marriage.

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