The Role of Critical Thinking and Executive Function in Misconceptions in Psychology

Misconception in psychology is a belief that is broadly contradicting to scientific evidence and is particularlycommon in the field of psychology. It is important to study misconceptions in psychology considering thecontribution of the effort to provide education or to demonstrate rejection of fallacies of popular ideas/themes.Misconceptions in psychology relates to critical thinking as well as the executive function (EF) that controls andregulates cognitive processes. This research aims to determine the role of critical thinking and EF (cognitiveflexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control) with misconceptions in psychology. This study used non-experimental methods, using test (paper and pencil) and PEBL/ Psychology Experiment Building Language(computerized). The sampling technique used was convenience sampling. The subjects in this study were 153psychology students, consisting of 105 students from Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) and 48 students fromUniversitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY). Instruments that were used for data collection were the misconception inpsychology test, critical thinking test, Wisconsin/Berg Card Sorting Test (WCST/BCST), Backward Digit Span,and Stroop Test. There is no correlation between cognitive flexibility and misconceptions in psychology, socognitive flexibility is not included in the calculation of hierarchical regression analysis. Based on the results ofhierarchical regression analysis, it can be concluded that the role of inhibitory control on psychologicalmisconceptions is 11.4%, ΔR2 = .114; b* = .33; t(149) = 4.52, p < .001; the role of working memory is 3%, ΔR2 =.030; b* = -.16; t(149) = -2.19, p = .03; and the role of critical thinking is 2.6%, ΔR2 = .026; b* = -.19; t(149) = -2.53, p = .01.

Gender and Age Factors in Subjective Wellbeing and Quality of Life Among College Students

Quality of life (QOL) and subjective well-being (SWB) among college students have been deemed as importantissues in studies. The present study aims to explore any influential elements of gender and age to their QOL andSWB, and to know if the QOL is influential to the SWB. Participants amounted to 651 respondents totally fromthree Indonesian universities (Diponegoro University, Padjajaran University, North Sumatra University) wereinvolved in a purposive sampling using two instruments, i.e., the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A) tomeasure SWO and The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) to measure QOL.Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) test was used in the analysis. The results showed that age and gender had asignificant effect on SWB (respectively .11 & .040, with p < .05) but had no effect on QOL of students(respectively .510 & .751, with p < .05). In addition, QOL was shown to affect SWB (p < .05). As a result,counselors and stakeholders on campus are encouraged to consider age and sex factors in their attempts ofincreasing college students’ SWB. However, further research is still suggestible to explore more complex factorsin college students’ QOL, which can include social, individual, and other demographic factors.

The Effectiveness of Self-Induced Unclassified Therapeutic Tremor for Decreasing Secondary Traumatic Stress among Social Workers

Secondary traumatic stress symptoms are marked by the emergence of traumatic memories experienced by otherpeople, rejection of the stimulus that triggers traumatic memories, and emotional turmoil. If left untreated, it maylower the quality of service and health of social workers. To lower secondary traumatic stress symptoms, it isnecessary to deliver psychological treatment that can be easily and independently done, is effective and cost-efficient, and universal. As such, Therapeutic Tremor Exercises through Self-Induction are consideredappropriate to respond to this need. This study aims to identify the effect of self-induced unclassified therapeutictremor exercises on reducing secondary traumatic stress levels. This study hypothesizes that there will bedifferences in secondary traumatic stress levels among social workers before and after samples are given self-induced therapeutic tremor exercises. Subjects consisted of female social workers (n = 5) who were indirectlyexposed to traumatic stories of victims for at least 2 hours a week. The study used a single-group pre-post designby comparing secondary trauma stress levels before and after the intervention. The intervention was a one-dayjoint training and 14-day independent training. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test showed significant differences withZ = -2.023, p = .043, whereby secondary trauma stress levels prior to the intervention (M = 45.4) was higher thanafter the intervention (M = 26.2).

Factors Affecting the Affective Identity-Motivation to Lead (AI-MTL) of Lecturers: Case Study in X Unversity

This study aims to explore the effect of Leadership Self-Efficacy (LSE), Past Leadership Experience (PLE),Organizational Identification (OI), and Perceived Job Stress as an Academic Leader (PJSAL) on AffectiveIdentity-Motivation to Lead (AI-MTL) of lecturers at the X University simultaneously. This study also aims toexplore the role of LSE in mediating relationship between PLE and AI-MTL as well as between PJSAL and AI-MTL. A total of 125 X University lecturers participated in this study (male: 53, female: 72; age range between26-71 years old), with data collected through an online questionnaire. Data analysis then was performed using theHierarchical Multiple Regression and Mediation Analysis. The result shows that there is a simultaneous effect ofLSE, PLE, OI, and PJSAL, in predicting AI-MTL of lecturers at the X University, F(4, 120) = 63.520, p < .001.All variables can explain 67.9% of the AI-MTL variation, R2 = .679. Meanwhile, PJSAL does not provide anymeaningful contribution to the AI-MTL variation. In addition, this study also confirms the role of LSE inmediating the relationship between PLE and AI-MTL partially, c’ = 1.0508, p < .001, and fully mediating therelationship between PJSAL and AI-MTL, c’ = -.006, p > .05. These results emphasize the strong need to identifytalents by using those factors, especially when universities have difficulty in finding their prospective leaders.

Equivalence of Traditional and Internet-Delivered Testing of Word Fluency Tasks

Changes from traditional face-to-face to internet-delivered psychological assessment are urgently needed giventhe long-lasting pandemic, the general need for fast and efficient tests and test procedures, and easier availabilityand access for test-takers in remote settings. We used a quasi-experimental non-randomized group design for thecomparison of two word fluency test procedures: one traditional that is face-to-face (n = 30) and one supervisedvia internet (n = 30). Participants were 17-31 years, education level high school and Bachelor. The letters S, K, Twere used for the phonemic fluency test, for the emotion word fluency test subjects had to generate words relatedto subjective emotional feelings or the expression of emotions. The results showed that traditional administeredand internet-delivered testing are equivalent (our hypothesis) as seen from the absence of significant differencesbetween the two groups in the performances of all four word fluency tests (p > .05) and small effect sizes (Cohen’sd range < .5). Significant correlations were found between the fluency tasks, irrespective of the way of testadministration (p < .05). It can be concluded that the word fluency tasks can be assessed by supervised internet-delivered testing, but this is limited to a sample of young adults.

The Influence of Organizational Climate on Innovative Work Behaviour

This study discusses about the effect of organization climate on innovative work behaviour. The respondents ofthis study were 124 employees who work in a mining company which implement innovation. This research wasa quantitative research and used Innovative Work Behaviour Scale by Janssen (2000) and Organizational ClimateMeasurement by Patterson et al. (2005). The data analysis technique used multiple regression analysis. The resultshowed that there was an influence of organizational climate on innovative behavior in the workplace by 12.1%,R2 = .121; F(1, 122) = 16,721, p < .05.The results also showed from the three dimensions of organizational climate,only two has significant effects, they are flexibility & innovation, t(120) = 2.433, p < .05, and outward focus,t(120) = 2.113, p < .05. Dimension which not significantly affect innovation work behaviour is reflexivity, t(120)= -.143, p = .886. The implications of this study can be considered by organizations to develop a supportiveorganizational climate so that employees feel comfortable to display innovative work behaviors and at the endwill ultimately have a positive impact for the organization.

Family Resilience in the Family of a Terrorist

Acts of terrorism carried out by terrorists have an impact on the families of the terrorists, especially if their familiesremain stay in their environment. The families of the terrorists experience many changes following the terrorismcommitted by their family member(s) and even putting the families in a crisis. This research aims to obtain adescription of family resilience in the families of terrorists following a terrorism. This research uses a qualitativeapproach with a case study method. The data collection techniques used were direct observation and interviewwith the family (both parents of the terrorist/perpetrators). Data triangulation was done with the significant others(cousins of the terrorist/perpetrator and local public figures). The research subjects were a particular familyconsisting of a father, a mother, and a child (the child was the perpetrator of a terrorism). The results showed thatthe resilience aspects of the belief system in the family of the terrorist can interpret all events well, organizationalpatterns that can adapt to situations but with a less open communication to one another. The family of the terroristhave gone through the process of becoming resilient and have used the strength and resources available to thefamily to increase resilience in the family, especially with respect to the social stigma of society given to thefamily following the terrorism.

Optimism and Psychological Distress Among First-Year Students During The COVID-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a global effect, causing psychological distress for many people. This researchaims to determine the relationship between optimism and psychological distress among first-year students duringthe Covid-19 pandemic. This research performed using the quantitative method with non-probability samplingapplied with a quota sampling technique and obtained a sample of 100 first-year students at Universitas HangTuah (UHT). Optimism was measured using Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) developed by Scheier,Carver, and Bridges. Psychological distress was measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)developed by Kessler and Mroczek. The results of the data analysis using Spearman Rank-order showed acorrelation coefficient (rs) of -.395 with a value of p = .000 (p < .01). This demonstrates that there is a negativerelationship between optimism and psychological distress among first-year students during the Covid-19pandemic. The results also reveal that the majority in the level of optimism and psychological distress amongfirst-year students of UHT is in the high category.

CORRELATION BETWEEN FORGIVENESS AND ADOLESCENCE FRIENDSHIP INTIMACY MODERATED BY GENDER

Friendship intimacy is one of the critical developing aspects of adolescence. Previous research shows that forgiveness has a vital role in the interpersonal relationship. This research aims to find a correlation between forgiveness and adolescent friendship intimacy based on gender. Research’s participant consists of 250 teenagers (125 male and 125 female, M = 16.2, SD = .7, with 15-18 years old age range) in a Pekanbaru school. The sample was collected through convenience sampling. This study used the Friendship Intimacy Scale with α = .82 and Forgiveness Scale, with α = .94. Based on data analysis, a product-moment correlation shows a positive correlation between forgiveness and adolescence friendship intimacy (r = .273, p < .01), which means the higher the level of individual forgiveness is, the higher the friendship intimacy become. The moderator variable analysis shows that gender becomes a relationship moderator variable between forgiveness and adolescence friendship intimacy (p < .01), which means that correlation between forgiveness and friendship intimacy is more substantial on males than females.