Relative activation patterns associated with self-transcendent and self-enhancement core values: An fMRI study of basic human values theory concepts in males

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Adam R. Teed ◽  
Jelena Rakic ◽  
Daniel B. Mark ◽  
Daniel C. Krawcyzk
Keyword(s):  
Core Values ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Relative Activation

scholarly journals Syntax-Sensitive Regions of the Posterior Inferior Frontal Gyrus and the Posterior Temporal Lobe Are Differentially Recruited by Production and Perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Matchin ◽  
Emily Wood
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping

Abstract Matchin and Hickok (2020) proposed that the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (PIFG) and the left posterior temporal lobe (PTL) both play a role in syntactic processing, broadly construed, attributing distinct functions to these regions with respect to production and perception. Consistent with this hypothesis, functional dissociations between these regions have been demonstrated with respect to lesion–symptom mapping in aphasia. However, neuroimaging studies of syntactic comprehension typically show similar activations in these regions. In order to identify whether these regions show distinct activation patterns with respect to syntactic perception and production, we performed an fMRI study contrasting the subvocal articulation and perception of structured jabberwocky phrases (syntactic), sequences of real words (lexical), and sequences of pseudowords (phonological). We defined two sets of language-selective regions of interest (ROIs) in individual subjects for the PIFG and the PTL using the contrasts [syntactic > lexical] and [syntactic > phonological]. We found robust significant interactions of comprehension and production between these 2 regions at the syntactic level, for both sets of language-selective ROIs. This suggests a core difference in the function of these regions with respect to production and perception, consistent with the lesion literature.

Distinct activation patterns for accurate vs. inaccurate naming of actions and objects: An fMRI study with stroke patients with chronic aphasia

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 150-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Postman-Caucheteux ◽  
S. Hoffman ◽  
D. Picchioni ◽  
J. McArdle ◽  
R. Birn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Chronic Aphasia

Future Trends in Functional MRI

2018 ◽  
pp. 230-240
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Activation Response ◽  
Brain Fmri ◽  
The Brain

While MRI became a standard workhorse in neurology/neurosurgery within a few years of installation of the first MRI unit, fMRI, in spite of being a powerful imaging tool, remains primarily a research tool, even though the first fMRI study was published 25 years ago. Scientifically, fMRI has made a major impact, judging by the number of PubMed citations and publications in high-impact journals. In cognitive neuroscience, fMRI is the most commonly used imaging technique in published peer-reviewed articles. fMRI is used clinically for preoperative brain mapping in neurosurgery to delineate the proximity of the lesion (tumor) to eloquent areas of the brain, with the aim of achieving adequate tumor resection with minimal functional damage to the brain. fMRI connectivity and activation maps have identified altered activation patterns and resting-state networks in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, and Alzheimer’s disease, but fMRI is still not a standard diagnostic procedure in psychiatry. Diffusion imaging technique is being used for triaging stroke patients who are likely to respond to stroke therapy (embolectomy and/or clot lysis). Meanwhile, major collaborative fMRI studies are in progress in many institutions to collect normative data on connectivity, activation response, and behavioral response as well as correlation among them. Studies focused on specific neuropsychiatric disorders also have been initiated by the National Institutes of Health. All this is a reflection of the huge potential application of fMRI in clinical practice envisioned by the scientific community.

scholarly journals Age-Related Frontal Hyperactivation Observed across Different Working Memory Tasks: An fMRI Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fakhri ◽  
Hajir Sikaroodi ◽  
Farid Maleki ◽  
Mohammad Ali Oghabian ◽  
Hosein Ghanaati
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Auditory Task ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Feature Processing ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Compensatory Effort

Purpose:To evaluate patterns of activation, convergence and divergence of three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Working Memory (WM) tasks in two different age groups. We want to understand potential impact of task and subjects’ age on WM activations as well as most important areas with regard to WM functions.Materials and methods:Thirty-five healthy volunteers completed visual, verbal, and novel auditory WM tasks. The subjects were selected from age extremes to depict possible impact of normal aging. The General Linear Model was used to report significant activations and the effect of age group. Contrasts revealed differences in activation between tasks, and Combined Task Analysis was performed to determine common regions of activation across tasks.Results:Most of the observed differences between the tasks were seen in areas that were responsible for feature processing. Frontal regions were mainstay activation areas, regardless of the utilized stimulus. We found an age-related reduction in activity of visual (in visually-presented tasks) and auditory (in auditory task) cortices but an age-related increase in prefrontal cortex for all tasks.Conclusion:Regardless of the type of the task stimuli, frontal regions are the most important activation areas in WM processing. These areas are also main targets of age-related changes with regard to activation patterns. Our results also indicate that prefrontal overactivity in working memory might be a compensatory effort to mask age-related decline in sensory processing.

Changes in brain activation patterns associated with learning of Korean words by Japanese: an fMRI study

NeuroImage ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung-Suk Lee ◽  
Toshikatsu Fujii ◽  
Jiro Okuda ◽  
Takashi Tsukiura ◽  
Atsushi Umetsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activation ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Early gender differences in core values predict anticipated family vs. career orientation (Pre-Print)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Block ◽  
Antonya Marie Gonzalez ◽  
Toni Schmader ◽  
Andrew Scott Baron
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Career Orientation ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Parent Reports ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
Children’S Expectations ◽  
Age Range

Communion and agency are often described as core human values. In adults, these values predict gendered role preferences. Yet little work has examined the extent to which young boys and girls explicitly endorse communal and agentic values and whether early gender differences in values predict boys’ and girls’ different role expectations. In a sample of 411 children aged 6 to 14, we find consistent gender differences in communal and agentic value endorsement. Across our age range, boys endorse communal values less and agentic values more than do girls. Moreover, gender differences in values partially account for boys’ relatively lower family vs. career orientation, predicting their orientation over and above gender identification and parent reports of children’s gender expression. These findings suggest that gender differences in core values emerge surprisingly early in development and predict children’s expectations well before they make decisions about adopting adult roles in their own families.

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