Clonal variations and effects of juvenile wood on lumber quality in Japanese larch

Research Highlights: The complete chloroplast genome for eight individuals of Japanese larch, including from the isolated population at the northern limit of the range (Manokami larch), revealed that Japanese larch forms a monophyletic group, within which Manokami larch can be phylogenetically placed in Japanese larch. We detected intraspecific variation for possible candidate cpDNA markers in Japanese larch. Background and Objectives: The natural distribution of Japanese larch is limited to the mountainous range in the central part of Honshu Island, Japan, with an isolated northern limit population (Manokami larch). In this study, we determined the phylogenetic position of Manokami larch within Japanese larch, characterized the chloroplast genome of Japanese larch, detected intraspecific variation, and determined candidate cpDNA markers. Materials and Methods: The complete genome sequence was determined for eight individuals, including Manokami larch, in this study. The genetic position of the northern limit population was evaluated using phylogenetic analysis. The chloroplast genome of Japanese larch was characterized by comparison with eight individuals. Furthermore, intraspecific variations were extracted to find candidate cpDNA markers. Results: The phylogenetic tree showed that Japanese larch forms a monophyletic group, within which Manokami larch can be phylogenetically placed, based on the complete chloroplast genome, with a bootstrap value of 100%. The value of nucleotide diversity (π) was calculated at 0.00004, based on SNP sites for Japanese larch, suggesting that sequences had low variation. However, we found three hyper-polymorphic regions within the cpDNA. Finally, we detected 31 intraspecific variations, including 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms, 8 simple sequence repeats, and 4 insertions or deletions. Conclusions: Using a distant genotype in a northern limit population (Manokami larch), we detected sufficient intraspecific variation for the possible candidates of cpDNA markers in Japanese larch.

Download Full-text

Changes in soil carbon and nutrients and related extracellular enzymes in successive rotations of Japanese larch plantations

CATENA ◽

10.1016/j.catena.2021.105386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 204 ◽

pp. 105386

Author(s):

Hongxing Wang ◽

Chunyan Wu ◽

Dongsheng Chen ◽

Hongyan Liu ◽

Xiaomei Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Carbon ◽

Extracellular Enzymes ◽

Japanese Larch

Download Full-text

Short-term effects of tree thinning on microhabitat variables and rodents in Japanese larch Larix kaempferi forest

Forest Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/21580103.2021.1880976 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Seung-Hun Son ◽

Jae-Kang Lee ◽

Hyun-Su Hwang ◽

Tae-Kyung Eom ◽

Shin-Jae Rhim

Keyword(s):

Japanese Larch ◽

Larix Kaempferi ◽

Short Term ◽

Tree Thinning ◽

Short Term Effects

Download Full-text

Withdrawal Properties of Self-Tapping Screws in Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.) Cross Laminated Timber

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12050524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 524

Author(s):

Junhua Xu ◽

Shuangbao Zhang ◽

Guofang Wu ◽

Yingchun Gong ◽

Haiqing Ren

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Engineering Design ◽

Wood Species ◽

Japanese Larch ◽

Effective Length ◽

Larix Kaempferi ◽

Cross Laminated Timber ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Length Increment

With the increasing popularity of cross-laminated timber (CLT) constructions around the world, there have been attempts to produce CLT using local wood species in different countries, such as Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.) in China. Thus, the need to investigate the connection performance also increases to support the design and construction of CLT buildings using local wood species. In this study, the withdrawal properties of three different types of self-tapping screws (STS), with a diameter of 6 mm, 8 mm, and 11 mm, were tested with Japanese larch CLT. The results revealed that the withdrawal strength of STS increased with increasing density and effective length, but decreased with an increasing diameter. With a density increment of 0.05 g/cm3, the withdrawal strength increased by an average of 9.4%. With an effective length increment of 24 mm, the withdrawal strength increased by an average of 1.4%. An empirical regression model was adopted to predict the withdrawal strength of Japanese larch CLT based on the results, which can be used for potential engineering design of CLT connections using STS.

Download Full-text

Distribution of heartwood extractives in hybrid larches and in their related European and Japanese larch parents: relationship with wood colour parameters

European Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10342-012-0654-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Luc E. Pâques ◽

Maria del Carmen García-Casas ◽

Jean-Paul Charpentier

Keyword(s):

Japanese Larch ◽

Wood Colour ◽

Colour Parameters ◽

Heartwood Extractives

Download Full-text

Distribution of juvenile wood in two stems of Larixlaricina

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x86-181 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 1041-1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K. C. Yang ◽

C. A. Benson ◽

J. K. Wong

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Wood ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Ring Width ◽

Tree Level ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Vertical Variation ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Ring Number ◽

Tracheid Length ◽

Growth Ring Width

The distribution and vertical variation of juvenile wood was studied in an 81-year-old dominant tree and an 83-year-old suppressed tree of Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. Two criteria, growth ring width and tracheid length, were used to demarcate the boundary of juvenile wood. The width of juvenile wood, expressed in centimetres and the number of growth rings, decreased noticeably from the base to the top of the tree. The volume of juvenile wood decreased in a similar pattern. These decreasing trends had a strong negative correlation with the year of formation of cambial initials at a given tree level. The length of these cambial initials decreased with increasing age of formation of the cambial initials. In the juvenile wood zone, there was a positive linear regression between the growth ring number (age) and the tracheid length. The slopes of these regression lines at various tree levels increased as the age of the year of formation of the cambial initials increased. At a given tree level, the length of tracheids increased from the pith to a more uniform length near the bark. However, the number of years needed to attain a more uniform tracheid length decreased from the base to the top of the tree. These relationships suggest that the formation of juvenile wood is related to the year of formation of the cambial initials. Consequently, the juvenile wood is conical in shape, tapering towards the tree top.

Download Full-text

Sorption and thermodynamic properties of juvenile Pinus sylvestris L. wood after 103 years of submersion

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2008.106 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Luis García Esteban ◽

Paloma de Palacios ◽

Francisco García Fernández ◽

Antonio Guindeo ◽

Marta Conde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Properties ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Integration Method ◽

Juvenile Wood ◽

Crystallinity Index ◽

Isosteric Heat ◽

Chemical Modifications ◽

Clapeyron Equation ◽

X Ray ◽

Hemicellulose Degradation

Abstract The hygroscopicity and thermodynamic properties of juvenile Pinus sylvestris L. wood taken from the submerged piles of a bridge built in 1903 over the Jiloca River, in Spain, were compared with the corresponding values of juvenile wood of the same species from recently cut trees. The 35°C and 50°C isotherms were plotted and subsequently fitted using the Guggenheim-Anderson-Boer-Dent method, and the isosteric heat of sorption was obtained through the integration method of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The isotherms were compared by means of the hysteresis coefficients. Infrared spectra were recorded to study the chemical modifications, and the crystal structure of the cellulose was studied by X-ray diffractograms. The submersion in water resulted in hemicellulose degradation and a decrease in the crystallinity index and the crystallite length, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the proportion of amorphous zones. Owing to this, the equilibrium moisture contents of the water logged wood are higher than in the recent wood, both in adsorption and in desorption. In terms of the thermodynamic properties, the bond energy is higher in the recent wood than in the water logged wood.

Download Full-text