The role of research and development (R&D) expenditure and governance on economic growth in selected African countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ibukun James Olaoye ◽  
Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde ◽  
Oluwafemi Olajide Ajewole ◽  
Luke Oloruntoba Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
African Countries

Inflationary Thresholds, Financial Development and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Two West African Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 20160042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Njindan Iyke ◽  
Nicholas M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Threshold Range

This paper examines the role of inflationary threshold effects in the finance-growth relationship for Ghana and Nigeria. Ghana and Nigeria are relatively homogenous in terms of financial development, economic growth, and inflationary history and therefore provide an acceptable choice for this empirical analysis. Due to lack of data availability, the sample spans the period 1964–2011 for Ghana and 1961–2011 for Nigeria. Using appropriately specified threshold regressions, we found inflationary thresholds in both countries during the study periods. Specifically, the inflationary threshold range for Ghana is 10.73 %–29.83 %. For Nigeria, the inflationary threshold range is 10.07 %–19.25 %. By estimating the threshold regressions, we found financial development to have positive and significant effect on economic growth during low and moderate inflationary regimes; and insignificant effect on growth during high inflationary regimes, for both countries. In particular, financial development impact greatly on growth in Ghana when the rate of inflation is below a threshold of 10.73 % but dissipates when inflation rate reaches and exceeds 29.83 %. Similarly, financial development impact greatly on growth in Nigeria when the rate of inflation is below a threshold of 10.07 % but dissipates when inflation rate reaches and exceeds 19.25 %. The results imply that policymakers in these countries should take inflation into account when devising policies to promote financial development with the aim of generating economic growth. For without low or moderate inflation rates, such policies will not achieve their intended purposes.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

1996 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 267-285
Author(s):  
FRANCIS W. RUSHING ◽  
MARK A. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact

This paper brings together the importance of intellectual property protection (IPP) and entrepreneurship in economic growth. The paper surveys the economic literature on what factors are important to growth. The focus is on recent models of endogenous growth which reflect on the role of investment, technological change and education. Secondly, publications, which measure the impact of IPP on some of the growth elements identified are reviewed. The third section deals with IPP and the entrepreneur as an important agent and facilitator of growth. It discusses the nature of IPP as an incentive in not only stimulating the development of new technologies and processes but also the dissemination of existing technologies. Using the surveys as background, short case studies for India and Brazil are presented on IPP as a stimulus and application of research and development. The last section summarizes the previous sections and draws some conclusions with respect to policy.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Chinese FDI and China–Africa Trade on Economic Growth of African Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Miao Miao ◽  
Qiaoqi Lang ◽  
Dinkneh Gebre Borojo ◽  
Jiang Yushi ◽  
Xiaoyun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Chinese Foreign Direct Investment

While there is a consensus on the expanding importance of the China–Africa economic relationship, there is much more debate on how to portray the relationship. Thus, this study is aimed to examine the impacts of the China–Africa trade and Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) on the growth of African countries controlling the mediating role of institutional quality. The two-step system Generalized method of moments (GMM) model is applied using robust data for the period of 2003–2017. Drawing on complementary theoretical perspectives, this study took into account the conditional effect of China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI subject to the institutional quality of African countries and the interdependence of China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI to African countries. The benign impacts of the China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI on economic growth to African countries remain contingent upon appropriate policy action to improve the institutional quality of African countries and the synergies between the China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI to African countries.

PERANAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN INVESTASI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM MEMACU PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soegeng Wahyoedi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Classic Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
New Growth Theory

<p>Entering the year of 1990s, the world economic growth was marked by the economic growth of Eastern Asian Countries reaching 7 percent per year on the average. Despite the economic crisis at the end of 1990s, these countries managed to grow. In reference the Classic Theory, the growth factors included supply side (production) whereas the Neo Classic Theory as its the follower introduced the role of human capital as the trigger of the economic growth i.e. New Growth Theory. Furthermore, several Neo Classic followers added that research and development were also the trigger of the economic growth.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan ekonomi, research and development, investasi sumber daya manusia.</p>

Corruption, Credit Risk, and Bank Profitability

2022 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
João Jungo ◽  
Wilson Luzendo ◽  
Yuri Quixina ◽  
Mara Madaleno
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Management Of Resources

The economies of African countries are generally characterized by inefficient management of resources, strong heterogeneity in the rate of economic growth, as well as high levels of corruption and embezzlement of public funds, clearly highlighting the need to consider the role of government in the performance of the economic environment. Corruption is characterized by three key behaviors—bribery, embezzlement, and nepotism—characteristics that can influence the performance of any financial system. The objective is to examine the effect of corruption on credit risk in Angola. The result of the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) estimation suggests that corruption increases non-performing loans in the Angolan economy; additionally, the authors find that the larger the bank's assets (bank size), the more averse to credit risk they become, and the smaller the state's stake in the banking system, the lower the non-performing loans.

scholarly journals Role of the Innovation System in Supporting Regional Agriculture Development: Evidence from Southeast Sulawesi Province Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Julian Witjaksono ◽  
Jefny B. Markus Rawung ◽  
Rita Indrasti ◽  
Siti Sehat Tan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Human Resources Development ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Agriculture Development

Agriculture development in the regional autonomy needs more strong effort and more systematic in order to implement the equity of economic growth. This paper aim to describe the data and information related with evaluation worked of regional of research and development institutional in supporting innovation system. This assessment has shown that the development of agriculture innovation system in regional autonomy faced some constrains, viz. lack of human resources development and less supporting research infrastructure of research institutional. Besides, the policy which has been implemented by local government and local parliament did not match with the needed of regional innovation.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Quality Adjusted Human Capital Equation: Moderating Role of Social Capabilities in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tonuchi Joseph ◽  
Pauline Obikaonu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Method

The role of human capital on economic growth across countries has over time garnered lots of discussion in economic literature. This is fundamental, given that the actual determinant of the difference in income per capita across countries or why some countries are growing faster than other countries has remained an unresolved issue. This study provides a different insight into the nexus between human capital and economic growth by accounting for the role of social capabilities in a panel framework. Specifically, the study covers 40 African countries between 1998-2019, where the General Method of Moment (GMM) was employed to estimate the model. Specifically, it was discovered that without improved legal institutions and better economic opportunities, human capital impact on the growth of income per capita across countries is insignificant though positive. The study concludes that the effectiveness of knowledge accumulation and adoption of technology in a country is hinged on the availability of an enhanced legal, social, and economic environment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Research and Development Expenditures on Economic Growth: New Evidences

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ildırar ◽  
Mehmet Özmen ◽  
Erhan İşcan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
Different Types

Research and Development (R&D) is one of the most important variables that affect the country’s economic growth and development through increasing the technology capabilities, enlargement of resource base and promoting in the capability of resource utilization. Countries that innovate by conducting R&D activities always have high economic growth and many researchers emphasized this prominent role of the R&D on economic growth in numerous studies. This study contributes in two ways to this stream of research. Providing new estimates of the effect of R&D expenditures on economic growth is the first contribution to literature. On the other hand, there are different types of R&D expenditures and each of them has different magnitude on the economic growth. Therefore, this study provides evidences about the magnitudes of R&D expenditures. The effect of different types of R&D expenditures on economic growth for the selected OECD countries is examined in this study by utilizing from GMM framework using the data belonging the period of 2003-2014. Income and different R&D expenditure data used to analyze that obtained from OECD Stat. As a conclusion, it is found that all of the R&D expenditures have positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected OECD countries but magnitudes are various. Therefore, policy makers should design the R&D stimulation policies depending on the characteristics of the countries. Accordingly, countries must allocate more resources to different types R&D expenditure for achieving sustainable rate of growth.

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