Multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors in rural Kenya: evidence from a health and demographic surveillance system using the WHO STEP-wise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance

Monitoring food consumption and its determinants over time is essential for defining and implementing health promotion strategies, but surveillance is scarce in Africa. The present study aimed to describe fruit and vegetable consumption in Mozambique according to socio-demographic characteristics and place of residence (urban/rural). A national representative sample (n 3323) of subjects aged 25–64 years was evaluated in 2005 following the WHO Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance, which included an assessment of usual fruit and vegetable consumption (frequency and quantity). Crude prevalence and age-, education- and family income-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95 % CI were computed. Less than 5 % of the subjects reported an intake of five or more daily servings of fruits/vegetables. Both fruits and vegetables were more often consumed by women and in rural settings. In urban areas, the prevalence of fruit intake ( ≥ 2 servings/d) increased with education ( ≥ 6 years v. < 1 year: women, adjusted PR = 3·11, 95 % CI 1·27, 7·58; men, adjusted PR = 3·63, 95 % CI 1·22, 10·81), but not with income. Conversely, vegetable consumption ( ≥ 2 servings/d) was less frequent in more educated urban men ( ≥ 6 years v. < 1 year: adjusted PR = 0·30, 95 % CI 0·10, 0·94) and more affluent rural women ( ≥ $801 US dollars (USD) v. $0–64: adjusted PR = 0·32, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·81). The very low intake of these foods in this setting supports the need for fruit and vegetable promotion programmes that target the whole population, despite the different socio-demographic determinants of fruit and vegetable intake.

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The use of chronic disease risk factor surveillance systems for evidence-based decision-making: physical activity and nutrition as examples

International Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1007/s00038-009-0098-7 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anne W. Taylor ◽

Stefano Campostrini ◽

Tiffany K. Gill ◽

Patricia Carter ◽

Eleonora Dal Grande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Decision Making ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Disease Risk Factor ◽

Chronic Disease Risk ◽

Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Chronic Disease Risk Factor ◽

Evidence Based Decision Making

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Prevalence of COPD and its association with socioeconomic status in China: Findings from China Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance 2007

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-11-586 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Peng Yin ◽

Mei Zhang ◽

Yichong Li ◽

Yong Jiang ◽

Wenhua Zhao

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Disease Risk Factor ◽

Chronic Disease Risk ◽

Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Chronic Disease Risk Factor

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Gardening and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Survey

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab053_093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1100-1100

Author(s):

Susan Veldheer ◽

Wen-Jan Tuan ◽

Martha Wadsworth ◽

Lawrence Sinoway ◽

Christopher Sciamanna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Behavioral Risk Factor ◽

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Risk Factor Surveillance

Abstract Objectives Gardeners may have better health outcomes, and consume more fruits and vegetables (F&V), than non-gardeners. However, this evidence is mainly based on small, non-representative samples. The purpose of this study was to understand differences in dietary and health outcomes between gardeners and non-gardeners using physical activity data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Methods Adults (age 18+) with complete self-reported physical activity (PA) data were included. Participants were grouped as those who: (1) did not engage in any PA (non-exercisers), (2) reported gardening as their first or second PA (gardeners), or (3) reported any PA other than gardening (exercisers). Logistic and linear regression models identified associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors (self-reported, yes/no for body mass index (BMI)≥ 25 kg/m2, high cholesterol, or hypertension) or F&V intake (times/day, continuous) and group after controlling for age, race, sex, and education level. Results The sample (n = 396,261) was 55% women, majority white (81%), with more than a high school education (66%), and a mean age of 51 years. It was 7.6% gardeners, 65.2% other exercisers, and 27.2% non-exercisers. Gardeners were significantly more likely than exercisers or non-exercisers to be women (60.7% v. 49.3% and 53.4%, P < 0.001), white (85.2% v. 74.7% and 71.2%, P < 0.001), and aged 65+ (36.9% v. 18.8%, 25.9%, P < 0.001). Gardeners consumed more F&V than exercisers and non-exercisers (3.0, v. 2.9, 2.2 times/day, respectively, P < 0.01). Similar significant differences were observed when we further adjusted for aforementioned covariates. Compared to gardeners, non-exercisers were more likely to have a BMI ≥ 25 (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.2, P < 0.01), high cholesterol (aOR = 1.1, P < 0.01), and hypertension (aOR = 1.2, P < 0.01). Exercisers were less likely than gardeners to have each of these conditions (aOR = 0.93 for BMI ≥ 25; aOR = 0.88 for high cholesterol; and aOR = 0.87 for hypertension; all P < 0.01). Conclusions Gardeners consume F&V more frequently than both exercisers and non-exercisers and they have fewer CVD risk factors than non-exercisers. Given these CVD preventative benefits, gardening should be recommended as a PA particularly for those with diet-related chronic diseases. Funding Sources None.

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