Enhancing policy capacity through CO-design: the case of local public transportation in the Philippines

Urban Domestic Water Governance in the Philippines: Paradigms and Capacities

Philippine Political Science Journal ◽

10.1163/2165025x-12340003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1-2) ◽

pp. 69-99

Author(s):

Dennis V. Blanco

Keyword(s):

Good Governance ◽

Water Governance ◽

The Philippines ◽

Urban Water ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Policy Capacity ◽

Legal Foundations ◽

Key Policy ◽

Legal Frameworks

Abstract The paper analyzes urban water governance paradigms in the Philippines using available literature and describes the various water policies with specific emphasis on the underlying main legal frameworks which relate to urban domestic water governance. It also focuses on various urban domestic water governance actors, institutions and stakeholders involved and engaged in water governance as an added dimension. Employing a synthesis integrative review and policy-capacity analysis, the paper proposes some key policy-capacity solutions in which urban domestic water governance actors and stakeholders can adopt and replicate, such as capacity-building, epistemic governance, and hydrosolidarity, as possible recommendations or ways forward in urban domestic water good governance studies. Finally, the paper recommends the need for potential review and reform of the main legal foundations, functions, and responsibilities of water institutions through the assignment and determination of jurisdictional capacities exclusively to specialized agencies within the urban domestic water governance framework.

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Socio-Economic and Environmental Analyses of Sustainable Public Transport in the Philippines

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12114720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 4720 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Casper Boongaling Agaton ◽

Angelie Azcuna Collera ◽

Charmaine Samala Guno

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Public Transport ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Transition ◽

The Philippines ◽

Government Policies ◽

Public Acceptance ◽

Environment Friendly

Electric vehicles are regarded as energy transition technology towards more sustainable and environment-friendly transportation systems. Despite the benefits of reducing the dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions, the adoption of electric vehicles faces several obstacles ranging from financing issues, government policies, and public acceptance. This study aims to identify the economic, environmental, and social impact of the adoption of electric vehicles for public transportation. Using the Philippines as a case study, the findings highlight the economic advantage of investing in electric public transportation with high public acceptance. The results further identify significant decrease in air pollution, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and encourage lowering the reliance on imported fossil fuels by shifting the public transport from conventional to electric transport system. This study recommends stricter implementation of government policies on modernized public transportation, stronger government support on financing mechanisms, establishment of charging stations in public and private terminals, and boosting programs for developing local-made electric vehicles. To make electric vehicle more environment-friendly, the government must accelerate the energy transition by increasing the electricity share from renewable sources and investing in more sustainable sources of energy.

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Fare System of Urban Public Transportation Services in Davao City, Philippines

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/2652-12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2652 (1) ◽

pp. 106-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shohei Ninomiya ◽

Hironori Kato ◽

Crispin Emmanuel D. Diaz

Keyword(s):

Public Transportation ◽

Travel Demand ◽

The Philippines ◽

Destination Choice ◽

Modal Choice ◽

Evaluation Indexes ◽

Regional Equity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Lower Fare ◽

Social Surplus

A model of modal choice and destination choice was developed to simulate urban travel demand in Davao City, Philippines, and to evaluate fare-setting scenarios relevant to the possible introduction of a new public transportation (PT) system. This nested logit model, combining modal choice and destination choice, was estimated with local person trip survey data collected in 2015 that included data points on 3,531 households, 7,639 individuals, and 15,372 trips. Then, six fare scenarios were developed, incorporating four elements of the fare system, boarding charge, per-kilometer charge, charge distance, and transfer charge, based on the fare system in use in the Philippines. Five evaluation indexes were then applied: average individual benefit, new PT operator’s profit, social surplus, modal share of PT, and regional equity with respect to accessibility. The results demonstrated that ( a) a lower fare increases an individual’s benefit from the trip, ( b) a new PT operator’s profit assumes positive values in a wide range of fare scenarios, ( c) a lower fare improves net social surplus, ( d) a lower fare leads to higher modal share of PT, and ( e) a higher fare tends to compromise the regional equity of accessibility. These results also suggest that from the viewpoint of enhancing social surplus, increasing the boarding charge is a preferable strategy at a higher fare level, whereas the mitigation of the per-kilometer charge is a preferable strategy at a lower fare level.

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Comparison of Driving Forces to Increasing Traffic Flow and Transport Emissions in Philippine Regions: A Spatial Decomposition Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6500

Author(s):

Geoffrey Udoka Nnadiri ◽

Anthony S. F. Chiu ◽

Jose Bienvenido Manuel Biona ◽

Neil Stephen Lopez

Keyword(s):

Traffic Flow ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Energy Use ◽

Driving Forces ◽

The Philippines ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Illustrative Case ◽

Activity Effect ◽

Transport Services

The warming of the climate system has raised a lot of concerns for decades, and this is traceable to human activities and energy use. Conspicuously, the transportation sector is a great contributor to global emissions. This is largely due to increasing dependence on private vehicles and a poorly planned public transportation system. In addition to economic impacts, this also has significant environmental and sustainability implications. This study demonstrates a novel approach using spatial logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) to analyze drivers of traffic flow and its corresponding CO2 emissions in regions through an illustrative case study in the Philippines. Population growth is revealed as the main driver to traffic flow in most regions with the exception of a few regions and the national capital which are driven by economic activity. The economic activity effect shows positive trends contributing positively to traffic flow which is greatly linked to income level rise and increase in vehicle ownership. Concerning the impacts, results revealed that an increase in economic activity generally causes traffic intensity to decrease, and switching to more sustainable modes is not a guarantee to reduce carbon emissions. The authors recommend increasing equity on the appropriation of transport infrastructure projects across regions, quality improvement of public transport services and promoting mixed-use development.

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Electric Public Transport in Puerto Princesa City

Cases on the Diffusion and Adoption of Sustainable Development Practices ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2842-7.ch011 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 287-311

Author(s):

Denise Margaret S. Matias

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Public Transport ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Local Governments ◽

Political Action ◽

The Philippines ◽

National Government ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Government Organization ◽

Willingness To Cooperate

This chapter examines the factors that enabled a low carbon initiative from a non-government organization (NGO) to be institutionalized by a local government in the Philippines. In 1991, the Local Government Code was passed and this devolved responsibilities to local governments. While the national government supports local administrations in terms of policies, it is the latter, which carries out political action on the ground. Puerto Princesa City’s cooperation with the Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (iCSC) implemented a closed-loop electric public transportation. This effort demonstrates the local government’s willingness to cooperate with sectors other than the national government, as long as this endeavor is in sync with the local government’s priorities.

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Smart Region Mobility Framework

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6366

Author(s):

Robert Kerwin C. Billones ◽

Marielet A. Guillermo ◽

Kervin C. Lucas ◽

Marlon D. Era ◽

Elmer P. Dadios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Social Services ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Smart City ◽

Transportation Networks ◽

Well Being ◽

Transportation System ◽

The Philippines ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Traveler Information

A smart city describes an urban setting which aims to effectively apply ICT technologies to help improve the well-being of its citizens and reduce the negative impacts of urbanization. The priority areas considered in the Global Smart City Index (SCI) by the Institute for Management Development’s (IMD) World Competitiveness Centre were key infrastructures and technologies in (1) health and safety, (2) mobility, (3) activities (e.g., recreational spaces), (4) opportunities (work and school), and (5) governance. A smart region is a term used to extend the concept of a smart city into both urban and rural settings to promote a sustainable planning approach at the regional level. A direction that must be considered is the adoption of a “Smart Region Mobility Framework” to effectively transform our urban and rural regional transportation networks. This research study focused on the development of the smart region mobility framework for an island region group in the Philippines. The smart region goal is to integrate intelligent transportation system (ITS) platforms such as advanced public transportation system (APTS), advanced traveler information system (ATIS), and advanced rural transportation system (ARTS) to the local public transportation route plans (LPTRP) of the region. The activities include the data collection, analysis, and evaluation of multimodal regional transportation networks and social services infrastructure. The transportation network modeling process follows the four-step transportation planning process of trip generation, trip distribution, modal-split analysis, and trip assignment. Based on the analysis of 6 provinces, 16 cities, and 114 municipalities included in the study, there are two cities identified as smart city candidates. One of the smart city candidates is designated as the smart city regional center. In the context of a smart region, the available social services (e.g., employment opportunities, education, and health services) in the designated smart cities can also be made accessible to connected cities/municipalities through ease of transportation and mobility services in the region. Lastly, the study presented the implementation of data flow architecture of the smart region mobility framework, and the regional traveler information system using mobile and web application services.

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