scholarly journals Socio-Economic and Environmental Analyses of Sustainable Public Transport in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Boongaling Agaton ◽  
Angelie Azcuna Collera ◽  
Charmaine Samala Guno
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Environment Friendly

Electric vehicles are regarded as energy transition technology towards more sustainable and environment-friendly transportation systems. Despite the benefits of reducing the dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions, the adoption of electric vehicles faces several obstacles ranging from financing issues, government policies, and public acceptance. This study aims to identify the economic, environmental, and social impact of the adoption of electric vehicles for public transportation. Using the Philippines as a case study, the findings highlight the economic advantage of investing in electric public transportation with high public acceptance. The results further identify significant decrease in air pollution, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and encourage lowering the reliance on imported fossil fuels by shifting the public transport from conventional to electric transport system. This study recommends stricter implementation of government policies on modernized public transportation, stronger government support on financing mechanisms, establishment of charging stations in public and private terminals, and boosting programs for developing local-made electric vehicles. To make electric vehicle more environment-friendly, the government must accelerate the energy transition by increasing the electricity share from renewable sources and investing in more sustainable sources of energy.

scholarly journals Preference Structure on the Design of Hydrogen Refueling Stations to Activate Energy Transition

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyeong Park ◽  
Solji Nam ◽  
Myoungjin Oh ◽  
Ie-jung Choi ◽  
Jungwoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Preference Structure ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles

As a countermeasure to the greenhouse gas problem, the world is focusing on alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). The most prominent alternatives are battery electric vehicles (BEV) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). This study examines FCEVs, especially considering hydrogen refueling stations to fill the gap in the research. Many studies suggest the important impact that infrastructure has on the diffusion of AFVs, but they do not provide quantitative preferences for the design of hydrogen refueling stations. This study analyzes and presents a consumer preference structure for hydrogen refueling stations, considering the production method, distance, probability of failure to refuel, number of dispensers, and fuel costs as core attributes. For the analysis, stated preference data are applied to choice experiments, and mixed logit is used for the estimation. Results indicate that the supply stability of hydrogen refueling stations is the second most important attribute following fuel price. Consumers are willing to pay more for green hydrogen compared to gray hydrogen, which is hydrogen produced by fossil fuels. Driver fuel type and perception of hydrogen energy influence structure preference. Our results suggest a specific design for hydrogen refueling stations based on the characteristics of user groups.

scholarly journals PENERIMAAN DAN RESISTENSI TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PENATAAN TRANSPORTASI ANGKUTAN UMUM DI KOTA BANDUNG

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Arif Moelia Edie
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
City Government ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Incremental Change ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transportation Development

This study aims to explain the implementation of public transportation management policies by the Bandung City Government, particularly from the perspective of public acceptance and resistance to government policies. With a qualitative research design, it was found that the policy implementation encountered obstacles of low enthusiasm and less public acceptance. The policy does not create new substantial things, so people consider it only to replace the old situation. As a result, the process of change is slow, and it only becomes a circular and incremental change. To improve the policy, it is necessary to make binding rules in the form of mayor regulations on minimum standards for public transport services and regional regulations on transportation development master plans as guidelines in restructuring public transport routes so that they do not overlap. Keywords: Policy Implementation; Public Acceptance; Public Resistance;  Public Transportation Arrangement

scholarly journals Determining the Unit Values of the Allocation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Production of Biofuels in the Life Cycle

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8394
Author(s):  
Mariusz Niekurzak
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Allocation Method

Thanks to the allocation methods, i.e., the division of the total GHG emissions between each of the products generated in the production of biofuels, it is possible to reduce the emissions of these gases by up to 35% in relation to the production and combustion of fuels derived from crude oil. As part of this study, the biodiesel production process was analyzed in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. On the basis of the obtained results, the key factors influencing the emissions level of the biodiesel production process were identified. In order to assess the sensitivity of the results of the adopted allocation method, this study included calculations of GHG emissions with an allocation method based on mass, energy, and financial shares. The article reviews recent advances that have the potential to enable a sustainable energy transition, a green economy, and carbon neutrality in the biofuels sector. The paper shows that the technology used for the production of biodiesel is of great importance for sustainable development. The possibility of using renewable raw materials for the production of fuels leads to a reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels and lower emission of pollutants. It showed that during the combustion of biodiesel, the percentages of released gas components, with the exception of nitrogen oxides, which increased by 13%, were significantly lower: CO2—78%, CO—43%, SO2—100%, PM10—32%, and volatile hydrocarbons—63%. Moreover, it was found that biodiesel undergoes five times faster biodegradation in the environment than diesel oil.

Power usage in the transport sector – potential, costs and greenhouse gas abatement of different well-to-wheel pathways

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Millinger ◽  
Philip Tafarte ◽  
Matthias Jordan ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Kathleen Meisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
Surplus Power

<p>The increase of variable renewable energy sources (VRE), i.e. wind and solar power, may lead to a certain mismatch between power demand and supply. At the same time, in order to decarbonise the heat and transport sectors, power-based solutions are often seen as promising option, through so-called sector coupling. At times when VRE power supply exceeds demand, the surplus power could be used for producing liquid and gaseous electrofuels. The power is used for electrolysis, producing hydrogen, which can in turn be used either directly or combined with a carbon source to produce hydrocarbon fuels.</p><p>Here, we analyse the potential development of surplus power for the case of Germany, at an ambitious VRE expansion until 2050 and perform a cost analysis of electrofuels at different production levels using sorted residual load curves. These are then compared to biofuels and electric vehicles with the aid of an optimisation model, considering both cost- and greenhouse gas (GHG)-optimal options for the main transport sectors in Germany.</p><p>We find that, although hydrocarbon electrofuels are more expensive than their main renewable competitors, i.e. biofuels, they are most likely indispensable in addition for reaching climate targets in transport. However, the electrofuel potential is constrained by the availability of both surplus power and carbon. In fact, the surplus power potential is projected to remain limited even at currently ambitious VRE targets for Germany and carbon availability is lower in an increasingly renewable energy system unless direct air capture is deployed. In addition, as the power mix is likely to contain fossil fuels for decades to come, electrofuels based on power directly from the mix with associated conversion losses would cause higher GHG-emissions than the fossil transport fuel reference until a very high share of renewables in the power source is achieved. In contrast, electric vehicles are a more climate competitive option under the projected power mix with remaining fossil fuel fractions, due to a superior fuel economy and thereby lower costs and emissions.</p><p>As part of the assessment, we quantify the greenhouse gas abatement costs for different well-to-wheel pathways and provide an analysis and recommendations for a transition to sustainable transport.</p>

Electric Public Transport in Puerto Princesa City

2013 ◽  
pp. 287-311
Author(s):  
Denise Margaret S. Matias
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Political Action ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
National Government ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate

This chapter examines the factors that enabled a low carbon initiative from a non-government organization (NGO) to be institutionalized by a local government in the Philippines. In 1991, the Local Government Code was passed and this devolved responsibilities to local governments. While the national government supports local administrations in terms of policies, it is the latter, which carries out political action on the ground. Puerto Princesa City’s cooperation with the Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (iCSC) implemented a closed-loop electric public transportation. This effort demonstrates the local government’s willingness to cooperate with sectors other than the national government, as long as this endeavor is in sync with the local government’s priorities.

scholarly journals A Geospatial Approach to Energy Planning in Aid of Just Energy Transition in Small Island Communities in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11955
Author(s):  
Khrisydel Rhea M. Supapo ◽  
Lorafe Lozano ◽  
Ian Dominic F. Tabañag ◽  
Edward M. Querikiol
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Island Communities

Providing electricity in off-grid island communities is a big challenge, exacerbated by the high cost of transporting fossil fuels and the non-viability of extending grid connections. Installing renewable energy systems in these areas is deemed a practical solution, especially supporting just energy transitions in these communities. However, the lack of information about resource availability and the most suitable locations hinders effective planning. This paper aims to determine the sufficiency of available renewable energy sources to meet the electricity demand of off-grid island communities. It is achieved through a three-phased approach: (1) an assessment stage; (2) geospatial analysis; and (3) technical potential estimation. The approach is applied in three island communities in Palawan, namely Araceli, Balabac, and Cuyo, where a diesel power plant currently provides electricity to its households and commercial/institutional establishments. The results indicate that the three islands can be powered by 3, 1.5, and 11 MW solar photovoltaic farms, respectively, which is sufficient to meet the projected demand until 2030. The approach can be helpful, especially for off-grid island communities, as they plan to provide universal electricity access using renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Kajian pengembangan kendaraan listrik di Indonesia: prospek dan hambatannya

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Victor Tulus Pangapoi Sidabutar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Communication Security ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business

The transportation sector is now starting to shift from using fossil fuels to electricity that is more environmentally friendly because this sector contributes the most greenhouse gas emissions. The development of the use of electric vehicles is growing rapidly with the largest market is China followed by Europe and the United States. The development of electric vehicles is very dependent on the policies issued by the country. Indonesia desires to be one of the centers of the world's electric vehicle industry and for that, it must pay attention to challenges in terms of cost, standards, power generation, incentive assistance, communication security, and a framework for integration. In addition to this, if Indonesia wants to attract investors, it must pay attention to infrastructure readiness, ease of doing business, government policies, and research and development.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Available Data on Energy Efficiency of Electric Vehicles to be Used for Eco-Driving Project Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
M. Maljković ◽  
D. Stamenković ◽  
I. Blagojević ◽  
V. Popović
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Public Transportation System

The goal of this paper is to analyse the collected data on energy efficiency of electric vehicles from researches done by other authors and also to summarise all the factors affecting it. The majority of data available are obtained through simulations – therefore the emphasis in this paper will be placed on experimentally acquired data. The results of the analysis will be used for the planned e-bus eco-driving project for the purpose of Belgrade’s public transportation system. Currently there are only 5 (ultracapacitor type) e-buses operating in Belgrade city public transport, which makes only 0.2 % of all vehicles in rolling stock (making 16 % together with other electric-powered vehicles – trams and trolleybuses), but there are plans to acquire new 80 electric buses. With the rise of the number of electric vehicles, appropriate training of drivers is gaining more and more importance, and the results of the presented analysis make the basis for such training. This will hopefully increase the range of the buses used and help save the energy spent by public transportation, thus giving a little contribution to global fight for cleaner planet.

Energy After COVID

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (820) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Michael T. Klare
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Companies

By transforming patterns of travel and work around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating the transition to renewable energy and the decline of fossil fuels. Lockdowns brought car commuting and plane travel to a near halt, and the mass experiment in which white-collar employees have been working from home may permanently reduce energy consumption for business travel. Renewable energy and electric vehicles were already gaining market share before the pandemic. Under pressure from investors, major energy companies have started writing off fossil fuel reserves as stranded assets that are no longer worth the cost of extracting. These shifts may indicate that “peak oil demand” has arrived earlier than expected.

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