scholarly journals Drosophila laminin: sequence of B2 subunit and expression of all three subunits during embryogenesis.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 2441-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Montell ◽  
C S Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Cdna Sequence ◽  
Drosophila Embryogenesis ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Developing Nervous System

In a previous study, we described the cloning of the genes encoding the three subunits of Drosophila laminin, a substrate adhesion molecule, and the cDNA sequence of the B1 subunit (Montell and Goodman, 1988). This analysis revealed the similarity of Drosophila laminin with the mouse and human complexes in subunit composition, domain structure, and amino acid sequence. In this paper, we report the deduced amino acid sequence of the B2 subunit. We then describe the expression and tissue distribution of the three subunits of laminin during Drosophila embryogenesis using both in situ hybridization and immunolocalization techniques, with particular emphasis on its expression in and around the developing nervous system.

NeuroM, a neural helix-loop-helix transcription factor, defines a new transition stage in neurogenesis

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (17) ◽  
pp. 3263-3272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Roztocil ◽  
L. Matter-Sadzinski ◽  
C. Alliod ◽  
M. Ballivet ◽  
J.M. Matter
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
E Box ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Developing Nervous System

Genes encoding transcription factors of the helix-loop-helix family are essential for the development of the nervous system in Drosophila and vertebrates. Screens of an embryonic chick neural cDNA library have yielded NeuroM, a novel neural-specific helix-loop-helix transcription factor related to the Drosophila proneural gene atonal. The NeuroM protein most closely resembles the vertebrate NeuroD and Nex1/MATH2 factors, and is capable of transactivating an E-box promoter in vivo. In situ hybridization studies have been conducted, in conjunction with pulse-labeling of S-phase nuclei, to compare NeuroM to NeuroD expression in the developing nervous system. In spinal cord and optic tectum, NeuroM expression precedes that of NeuroD. It is transient and restricted to cells lining the ventricular zone that have ceased proliferating but have not yet begun to migrate into the outer layers. In retina, NeuroM is also transiently expressed in cells as they withdraw from the mitotic cycle, but persists in horizontal and bipolar neurons until full differentiation, assuming an expression pattern exactly complementary to NeuroD. In the peripheral nervous system, NeuroM expression closely follows cell proliferation, suggesting that it intervenes at a similar developmental juncture in all parts of the nervous system. We propose that availability of the NeuroM helix-loop-helix factor defines a new stage in neurogenesis, at the transition between undifferentiated, premigratory and differentiating, migratory neural precursors.

scholarly journals Cloning and hypothalamic distribution of the chicken thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor cDNA

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristien Vandenborne ◽  
Simon A Roelens ◽  
Veerle M Darras ◽  
Eduard R Kühn ◽  
Serge Van der Geyten
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Cdna Sequence ◽  
Chicken Genome ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Homology ◽  
Tertiary Structures ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Translation Start

In this paper we report the cloning of the chicken preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) cDNA and the study of its hypothalamic distribution. Chicken pre-proTRH contains five exact copies of the TRH progenitor sequence (Glu-His-Pro-Gly) of which only four are flanked by pairs of basic amino acids. In addition, the amino acid sequence contains three sequences that resemble the TRH progenitor sequence but seem to have lost their TRH-coding function during vertebrate evolution. The amino acid sequence homology of preproTRH between different species is very low. Nevertheless, when the tertiary structures are compared using hydrophobicity plots, the resemblance between chicken and rat prepro-TRH is striking. The cloning results also showed that the chicken preproTRH sequence includes neither a rat peptide spacer 4 (Ps4) nor a Ps5 connecting peptide. Comparison of the cDNA sequence with the chicken genome database revealed the presence of two introns, one in the 5′ untranslated region, and another downstream from the translation start site. This means that the gene structure of chicken preproTRH resembles the gene stucture of this precursor in mammals. Based on the cDNA sequence, digoxigenin-labelled probes were produced to study the distribution of preproTRH in the chicken brain. By means of in situ hybridization, preproTRH mRNA was detected in the chicken paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and in the lateral hypothalamus (LHy).

Lysosomal amino acid transporter LYAAT-1 in the rat central nervous system: An in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical study

2003 ◽  
Vol 462 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cendra Agulhon ◽  
Philippe Rostaing ◽  
Philippe Ravassard ◽  
Corinne Sagné ◽  
Antoine Triller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Acid Transporter

Expression of decorin mRNA in the nervous system of rat.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1383-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
C O Hanemann ◽  
G Kuhn ◽  
A Lie ◽  
C Gillen ◽  
F Bosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Northern Blotting

A rat cDNA clone (pCD67) isolated from a cDNA library of regenerating sciatic nerve by differential hybridization screening revealed 75% homology on the nucleic acid level and 81% homology (including conservative amino acid changes) to the deduced amino acid sequence of the core protein of human dermatan/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan decorin (PGII, PG40, PG-S2). Two transcripts of 1.3 and 1.75 KB very similar in size to the two decorin mRNA species previously identified in connective tissue were detected by Northern blotting in both normal and injured sciatic nerve and in the mature and embryonic rat brain. The steady-state level of the decorin 1.3 KB mRNA was very much higher in peripheral nerve than in the central nervous system or in other non-neural tissues (skeletal muscle, heart, colon, kidney). In situ hybridization experiments indicated that decorin mRNA is expressed by Schwann cells and vascular cells in peripheral nerve. In the spinal cord the ventral horn motor neurons and other neurons in gray matter showed specific hybridization signals. Furthermore, in situ hybridization indicated decorin expression in Purkinje neurons and cells of the molecular layer in cerebellum, and in neurons of the primary olfactory cortex and brainstem (pons). Our data clearly demonstrate decorin mRNA expression in distinct neural cell populations, suggesting yet unknown functions of this proteoglycan in the peripheral and central nervous system.

A chicken achaete-scute homolog (CASH-1) is expressed in a temporally and spatially discrete manner in the developing nervous system

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Jasoni ◽  
M.B. Walker ◽  
M.D. Morris ◽  
T.A. Reh
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Neuronal Progenitor ◽  
Discrete Manner ◽  
Developing Nervous System

We have identified a basic helix-loop-helix encoding cDNA from embryonic chicken retina which shares sequence similarity with the achaete-scute family of genes of Drosophila. The deduced amino acid sequence of this chicken achaete-scute homolog (CASH-1) is identical, over the region encoding the basic helix-loop-helix domain, to the recently identified mammalian achaete-scute homolog (MASH-1) and to the Xenopus homolog (XASH1), and 70% identical, over the same region, to Drosophila achaete-scute complex members. The expression of CASH-1 is restricted to subsets of neuronal progenitor cells in the developing chicken nervous system, similar in distribution to that reported for MASH-1 and XASH1. In addition, in situ localization in the retina reveals a dynamic character of expression of the gene in a particular region of the CNS, and suggests that the expression of CASH-1 may be important in defining a particular stage in the progenitor cell necessary for the differentiation of particular neuronal phenotypes.

Localization of mRNA for the β-subunit of placental hCG by in situ hybridization

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Wide ◽  
Håkan Persson ◽  
Örjan Lundkvist ◽  
Leif Wide
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Β Hcg

Abstract. The cellular origin of placental hCG is not yet completely established. Depending on the method used, the syncytium, cytotrophoblast or both types of tissue have been claimed to synthesize hCG. In the present study in situ hybridization was used on sections of chorionic villi in order to detect expression of the gene for the β-subunit of hCG (β-hCG). Placental tissue was obtained from the 8th to the 11th weeks of pregnancy, when the concentration of hCG is high. A cDNA clone, encoding the entire amino acid sequence of β-hCG, was used as a probe. Hybrids of β-hCG cDNA/mRNA were found only over the syncytiotrophoblast. Background noise was extremely low and no signals above that were detected in the cytotrophoblast cells. It is concluded that at this stage of pregnancy the gene for β-hCG is activated in the syncytial parts of chorionic villi and not in the cytotrophoblast.

scholarly journals Apoptotic Cells, Including Macrophages, Are Prominent in Theiler's Virus-Induced Inflammatory, Demyelinating Lesions

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 4383-4388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Schlitt ◽  
Matthew Felrice ◽  
Mary Lou Jelachich ◽  
Howard L. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Theiler's Virus ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Mouse Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) persists in the mouse central nervous system principally in macrophages, and infected macrophages in culture undergo apoptosis. We have detected abundant apoptotic cells in perivascular cuffs and inflammatory, demyelinating lesions of SJL mice chronically infected with TMEV. T cells comprised 74% of apoptotic cells, while 8% were macrophages, 0.6% were astrocytes, and ∼17% remained unidentified. In situ hybridization revealed viral RNA in ∼1% of apoptotic cells.

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