scholarly journals Integrin alpha 6/beta 4 complex is located in hemidesmosomes, suggesting a major role in epidermal cell-basement membrane adhesion.

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sonnenberg ◽  
J Calafat ◽  
H Janssen ◽  
H Daams ◽  
L M van der Raaij-Helmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Membrane Adhesion ◽  
Integrin Alpha 6

The alpha 6/beta 4 complex is a member of the integrin family of adhesion receptors. It is found on a variety of epithelial cell types, but is most strongly expressed on stratified squamous epithelia. Fluorescent antibody staining of human epidermis suggests that the beta 4 subunit is strongly localized to the basal region showing a similar distribution to that of the 230-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen. The alpha 6 subunit is also strongly localized to the basal region but in addition is present over the entire surfaces of basal cells and some cells in the immediate suprabasal region. By contrast staining for beta 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 subunits was very weak basally, but strong on all other surfaces of basal epidermal cells. These results suggest that different integrin complexes play differing roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion in the epidermis. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the alpha 6/beta 4 complex at the basal epidermal surface is strongly localized to hemidesmosomes. This result provides the first well-characterized monoclonal antibody markers for hemidesmosomes and suggests that the alpha 6/beta 4 complex plays a major role in epidermal cell-basement membrane adhesion. We suggest that the cytoplasmic domains of these transmembrane glycoproteins may contribute to the structure of hemidesmosomal plaques. Immunoultrastructural localization of the BP antigen suggests that it may be involved in bridging between hemidesmosomal plaques and keratin intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Development of mouse mammary gland: identification of stages in differentiation of luminal and myoepithelial cells using monoclonal antibodies and polyvalent antiserum against keratin.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sonnenberg ◽  
H Daams ◽  
M A Van der Valk ◽  
J Hilkens ◽  
J Hilgers
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Type I ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Luminal Type

The development of the mouse mammary gland was studied immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against cell surface and basement membrane proteins and a polyclonal antibody against keratin. We have identified three basic cell types: basal, myoepithelial, and epithelial cells. The epithelial cells can be subdivided into three immunologically related cell types: luminal type I, luminal type II, and alveolar cells. These five cell types appear at different stages of mammary gland development and have either acquired or lost one of the antibody-defined antigens. The cytoplasmic distribution of several of these antigens varied according to the location of the cells within the mammary gland. Epithelial cells which did not line the lumen expressed antigens throughout the cytoplasm. These antigens were demonstrated on the apical site in situations where the cells lined the lumen. One antigen became increasingly basolateral as the cells became attached to the basement membrane. The basal cells synthesize laminin and deposit it at the cell base. They are present in endbuds and ducts and are probably the stem cells of the mammary gland. Transitional forms have been demonstrated which developmentally link these cells with both myoepithelial and (luminal) epithelial cells.

Fibronectin, intercellular junctions and the sorting-out of chick embryonic tissue cells in monolayer

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-372
Author(s):  
A. Nicol ◽  
D.R. Garrod
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Intercellular Contacts ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells ◽  
Chick Embryonic Tissue

A hierarchy of relative cohesiveness in monolayer of four different embryonic chick tissues was determined in a previous study. The hierarchy is: corneal epithelium congruent to liver parenchyma greater than pigmented epithelium greater than limb bud mesenchyme. The purpose of this paper is to describe the correlation between these adhesive relationships and, firstly, the amount of the adhesive glycoprotein, fibronectin, associated with the cells and, secondly, the morphology of their intercellular contacts. Fluorescent antibody staining of the cells with anti-fibronectin antibody showed that limb bud mesenchyme cells, the most weakly cohesive, had much more fibronectin than the other cell types. Thus there was a negative correlation between the amount of fibronectin and cellular cohesiveness. Analysis of intercellular contacts by electron microscopy showed that the most strongly cohesive cell types, corneal epithelium and liver parenchyma, were also those that possessed desmosomes.

Mutual desmosome formation between all binary combinations of human, bovine, canine, avian and amphibian cells: desmosome formation is not tissue- or species-specific

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Mattey ◽  
D.R. Garrod
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Recognition Mechanism ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Darby Canine Kidney

Our previous work has suggested that the molecular components of desmosomes are highly conserved between different tissues and different vertebrate species. In order to determine whether the adhesion recognition mechanism of desmosomes is also conserved we have examined the specificity of desmosome formation between different epithelial cell types by co-culturing binary combinations of cells from different species and from epidermal and non-epidermal origin. The following cell types were used: human (HeLa, cervical carcinoma), bovine (Madin Darby bovine kidney, MDBK), canine (Madin Darby canine kidney, MDCK), avian (chick embryonic corneal epithelium) and amphibian (Rana pipiens, adult corneal epithelium). Different cells in co-culture were identified on the basis of at least one of the following criteria: (1) morphology by phase-contrast microscopy; (2) presence or absence of staining of cytokeratin with monoclonal antibody LE61; (3) morphology at the electron microscope level. Mutual desmosome formation between different cell types was assessed using fluorescent antibody staining with anti-desmoplakin antibodies and confirmed using electron microscopy. We have found that mutual desmosome formation occurred between all binary combinations of human, bovine, canine, avian and amphibian cells. Thus there is complete non-selectivity of desmosome formation between five different epithelial cell types from three vertebrate classes. Our results suggest that desmosome formation is not tissue- or species-specific and that the mechanism for intercellular binding involved in desmosomal adhesion is highly conserved.

scholarly journals THE ANATOMIC SITE OF THE TRANSEPITHELIAL PERMEABILITY BARRIERS OF TOAD BLADDER

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. DiBona ◽  
Mortimer M. Civan ◽  
Alexander Leaf
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium

An examination of the mucosal epithelium of the urinary bladder of the toad reveals that the two major cell types which abut on the urinary surface, the granular and mitochondria-rich cells, also contact the basement membrane. Thus, the epithelium functions as a single cell layer. Although basal cells are interpolated between the granular cells and the basement membrane over a large portion of the epithelium, they do not constitute an additional continuous cell layer. This finding is consistent with extensive physiological data which had assumed that the major permeability barriers of this epithelium were the apical and basal-lateral plasma membranes of a single layer of cells.

Calcium-induced desmosome formation in cultured kidney epithelial cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
D.L. Mattey ◽  
D.R. Garrod
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Do So

Previous work has shown that cultured keratinocytes do not form desmosomes at low [Ca2+] (less than 0.1 mM) but may be induced to do so by raising [Ca2+] to physiological levels (1.8-2 mM). Here, fluorescent antibody staining with specific anti-desmosomal antibodies and electron microscopy have been used to determine whether Ca2+-induced desmosome formation also occurs in simple epithelial cells. Both Madin-Darby canine and bovine kidney cells (MDCK and MDBK) exhibit Ca2+-induced desmosome formation, but there are significant differences between them. MDCK cells resemble keratinocytes in showing rapid desmosome formation characterized by the simultaneous appearance of four desmosomal antigens at the cell periphery within 15–20 min of raising the [Ca2+]. In contrast MDBK cells take between 7 and 8 h to form desmosomes after Ca2+ switching, and this is characterized by slow appearance of two desmosomal antigens, the 175–164(X 10(3)) Mr glycoprotein and desmoplakin, at the cell periphery. Differences in the pattern of staining for desmosomal antigens between the two cell types in low and high [Ca2+] are described and discussed in relation to desmosome formation and internalization. Triton X-100 extractability of desmosomal antigen staining is also considered. While most is non-extractable, staining for the glycoproteins known as desmocollins is completely extractable from MDCK cells in low [Ca2+], but that which reaches the cell periphery after Ca2+ switching becomes non-extractable. Although neither cell type forms desmosomes in low [Ca2+], both possess zonulae adhaerentes, suggesting a difference in Ca2+ requirement for formation of these two junctions.

Ultrastructure of the oviductal mucosa of Leptodactylus chaquensis. Analysis of the preovulatory and postovulatory periods

Zygote ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-643
Author(s):  
Marcela Fátima Medina ◽  
Inés Ramos ◽  
Claudia A. Crespo ◽  
Susana Cisint ◽  
Lucrecia Iruzubieta Villagra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Electron Lucent ◽  
Leptodactylus Chaquensis

SummaryIn the present study we analysed the ultrastructural characteristics of the oviductal mucosa of Leptodactylus chaquensis during the preovulatory period and immediately after ovulation. Epithelial secretory cells, ciliated cells, basal cells and glandular secretory cells are described. During the preovulatory period, the oviduct exhibits its maximum degree of development at both the epithelial and the glandular levels, with numerous secretory cells that contain a large number of secretory granules whose contents are released into the oviductal lumen by apocrine and exocytotic secretory processes. The secretory cells present throughout the oviduct display considerable variability in the characteristics of their secretory granules, which show different shapes, sizes, organization of the material contained and electron density. The different cell types are distributed following a characteristic pattern for each oviductal zone, thus creating an ultrastructural mosaic along the oviduct. During the postovulatory period, the number of secretory cells decreases and the remaining ones exhibit a marked reduction in secretory granules. Ciliated cells show a typical ultrastructural organization that is not modified throughout the reproductive cycle. Basal cells, located at the basal region of the epithelium, are characterized by their heterochromatic nuclei and electron-lucent cytoplasm, while glandular secretory cells exhibit oval, round or polyhedric granules, most of them with a prominent core. Our results, which indicate a high heterogeneity of secretory cell contents, allow us to suggest differential synthesis and secretion of specific products in each oviductal zone.

The structure of the gills of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 824-825
Author(s):  
Mohinder S. Jarial
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Apical Membranes

The axolotl is a strictly aquatic salamander in which the larval external gills are retained throughout life. The external gills of the adult axolotl have been studied by light and electron microscopy for ultrastructural evidence of ionic transport. The thin epidermis of the gill filaments and gill stems is composed of 3 cell types: granular cells, the basal cells and a sparce population of intervening Leydig cells. The gill epidermis is devoid of muscles, and no mitotic figures were observed in any of its cells.The granular cells cover the gill surface as a continuous layer (Fig. 1, G) and contain secretory granules of different forms, located apically (Figs.1, 2, SG). Some granules are found intimately associated with the apical membrane while others fuse with it and release their contents onto the external surface (Fig. 3). The apical membranes of the granular cells exhibit microvilli which are covered by a PAS+ fuzzy coat, termed “glycocalyx” (Fig. 2, MV).

A Most Probable Number Method for the Enumeration of Legionella Bacteria in Water

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Grabow ◽  
R. Kfir ◽  
W. O. K. Grabow
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Yeast Extract Agar

A new quantitative method for the enumeration of Legionella bacteria in water is described. Appropriate tenfold serial dilutions of water samples concentrated by membrane filtration are plated in triplicate on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. After incubation for 3 days representative smears from individual plates are tested for the presence of Legionella by direct fluorescent antibody staining. The number of positive plates in each dilution is used to calculate the Legionella count by means of conventional most probable number statistics. In comparative tests on a variety of water samples this method yielded significantly higher counts than previously used procedures.

The fate of cells in the tailbud of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Davis ◽  
M.W. Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Germ Layer ◽  
Cell Determination ◽  
Multipotent Cells ◽  
Axial Development

The vertebrate tailbud and trunk form very similar tissues. It has been a controversial question for decades whether cell determination in the developing tail proceeds as part of early axial development or whether it proceeds by a different mechanism. To examine this question more closely, we have used photoactivation of fluorescence to mark small neighborhoods of cells in the developing tailbud of Xenopus laevis. We show that, in one region of the tailbud, very small groups of adjacent cells can contribute progeny to the neural tube, notochord and somitic muscle, as well as other identified cell types within a single embryo. Groups averaging three adjacent cells at a later stage can contribute progeny with a similar distribution. Our data suggest that the tailbud contains multipotent cells that make very late germ-layer decisions.

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