scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles from neurons promote neural induction of stem cells through cyclin D1

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Song ◽  
Xinran Tian ◽  
Randy Schekman
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Induction Effect

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are thought to mediate the transport of proteins and RNAs involved in intercellular communication. Here, we show dynamic changes in the buoyant density and abundance of EVs that are secreted by PC12 cells stimulated with nerve growth factor (NGF), N2A cells treated with retinoic acid to induce neural differentiation, and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) differentiated into neuronal cells. EVs secreted from in vitro differentiated cells promote neural induction of mESCs. Cyclin D1 enriched within the EVs derived from differentiated neuronal cells contributes to this induction. EVs purified from cells overexpressing cyclin D1 are more potent in neural induction of mESC cells. Depletion of cyclin D1 from the EVs reduced the neural induction effect. Our results suggest that EVs regulate neural development through sorting of cyclin D1.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles from neuronal cells promote neural induction of mESCs through cyclinD1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Song ◽  
Xinran Tian ◽  
Randy Schekman
Keyword(s):  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Differentiated Cells

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are thought to mediate the transport of proteins and RNAs involved in intercellular communication. Here, we show dynamic changes in the buoyant density and abundance of extracellular vesicles that are secreted by PC12 cells stimulated with nerve growth factor (NGF), N2A cells treated with retinoic acid to induce neural differentiation and mESCs differentiated into neuronal cells. EVs secreted from in vitro differentiated cells promote neural induction of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Cyclin D1 enriched within the EVs derived from differentiated neuronal cells contributes to this induction. EVs purified from cells overexpressing cyclin D1 are more potent in neural induction of mESC cells. Depletion of cyclin D1 from the EVs reduced the neural induction effect. Our results suggest that extracellular vesicles regulate neural development through sorting of cyclin D1.

scholarly journals Neural Induction, Neural Fate Stabilization, and Neural Stem Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1147-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally A. Moody ◽  
Hyun-Soo Je
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Natural Rate ◽  
Neural Fate

The promise of stem cell therapy is expected to greatly benefit the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. An underlying biological reason for the progressive functional losses associated with these diseases is the extremely low natural rate of self-repair in the nervous system. Although the mature CNS harbors a limited number of self-renewing stem cells, these make a significant contribution to only a few areas of brain. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand how to manipulate embryonic stem cells and adult neural stem cells so their descendants can repopulate and functionally repair damaged brain regions. A large knowledge base has been gathered about the normal processes of neural development. The time has come for this information to be applied to the problems of obtaining sufficient, neurally committed stem cells for clinical use. In this article we review the process of neural induction, by which the embryonic ectodermal cells are directed to form the neural plate, and the process of neural�fate stabilization, by which neural plate cells expand in number and consolidate their neural fate. We will present the current knowledge of the transcription factors and signaling molecules that are known to be involved in these processes. We will discuss how these factors may be relevant to manipulating embryonic stem cells to express a neural fate and to produce large numbers of neurally committed, yet undifferentiated, stem cells for transplantation therapies.

Multipotentiality of Neuronal Cells after Spontaneous Fusion with Embryonic Stem Cells and Nuclear Reprogramming In Vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Pells ◽  
Alexandra I. Di Domenico ◽  
Ed J. Gallagher ◽  
Jim McWhir
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Nuclear Reprogramming

scholarly journals The Tumorigenicity of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and In Vitro Differentiated Neuronal Cells Is Controlled by the Recipients' Immune Response

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. e2622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Dressel ◽  
Jan Schindehütte ◽  
Tanja Kuhlmann ◽  
Leslie Elsner ◽  
Peter Novota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

scholarly journals Human Embryonic Stem Cells: A Model for the Study of Neural Development and Neurological Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piya Prajumwongs ◽  
Oratai Weeranantanapan ◽  
Thiranut Jaroonwitchawan ◽  
Parinya Noisa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Species Specific

Although the mechanism of neurogenesis has been well documented in other organisms, there might be fundamental differences between human and those species referring to species-specific context. Based on principles learned from other systems, it is found that the signaling pathways required for neural induction and specification of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) recapitulated those in the early embryo developmentin vivoat certain degree. This underscores the usefulness of hESCs in understanding early human neural development and reinforces the need to integrate the principles of developmental biology and hESC biology for an efficient neural differentiation.

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