scholarly journals Neural Induction, Neural Fate Stabilization, and Neural Stem Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1147-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally A. Moody ◽  
Hyun-Soo Je
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Natural Rate ◽  
Neural Fate

The promise of stem cell therapy is expected to greatly benefit the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. An underlying biological reason for the progressive functional losses associated with these diseases is the extremely low natural rate of self-repair in the nervous system. Although the mature CNS harbors a limited number of self-renewing stem cells, these make a significant contribution to only a few areas of brain. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand how to manipulate embryonic stem cells and adult neural stem cells so their descendants can repopulate and functionally repair damaged brain regions. A large knowledge base has been gathered about the normal processes of neural development. The time has come for this information to be applied to the problems of obtaining sufficient, neurally committed stem cells for clinical use. In this article we review the process of neural induction, by which the embryonic ectodermal cells are directed to form the neural plate, and the process of neural�fate stabilization, by which neural plate cells expand in number and consolidate their neural fate. We will present the current knowledge of the transcription factors and signaling molecules that are known to be involved in these processes. We will discuss how these factors may be relevant to manipulating embryonic stem cells to express a neural fate and to produce large numbers of neurally committed, yet undifferentiated, stem cells for transplantation therapies.

scholarly journals Human Embryonic Stem Cells: A Model for the Study of Neural Development and Neurological Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piya Prajumwongs ◽  
Oratai Weeranantanapan ◽  
Thiranut Jaroonwitchawan ◽  
Parinya Noisa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Species Specific

Although the mechanism of neurogenesis has been well documented in other organisms, there might be fundamental differences between human and those species referring to species-specific context. Based on principles learned from other systems, it is found that the signaling pathways required for neural induction and specification of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) recapitulated those in the early embryo developmentin vivoat certain degree. This underscores the usefulness of hESCs in understanding early human neural development and reinforces the need to integrate the principles of developmental biology and hESC biology for an efficient neural differentiation.

Study on differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into neural stem cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146
Author(s):  
Jing WANG ◽  
Li-xin SHANG ◽  
Ya-li LI ◽  
Hong-mei PENG ◽  
Zhi-feng YAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem

Human embryonic stem cells: challenges and opportunities

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Stice ◽  
Nolan L. Boyd ◽  
Sujoy K. Dhara ◽  
Brian A. Gerwe ◽  
David W. Machacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Es Cell ◽  
Cell Therapies

Human and non-human primate embryonic stem (ES) cells are invaluable resources for developmental studies, pharmaceutical research and a better understanding of human disease and replacement therapies. In 1998, subsequent to the establishment of the first monkey ES cell line in 1995, the first human ES cell line was developed. Later, three of the National Institute of Health (NIH) lines (BG01, BG02 and BG03) were derived from embryos that would have been discarded because of their poor quality. A major challenge to research in this area is maintaining the unique characteristics and a normal karyotype in the NIH-registered human ES cell lines. A normal karyotype can be maintained under certain culture conditions. In addition, a major goal in stem cell research is to direct ES cells towards a limited cell fate, with research progressing towards the derivation of a variety of cell types. We and others have built on findings in vertebrate (frog, chicken and mouse) neural development and from mouse ES cell research to derive neural stem cells from human ES cells. We have directed these derived human neural stem cells to differentiate into motoneurons using a combination of developmental cues (growth factors) that are spatially and temporally defined. These and other human ES cell derivatives will be used to screen new compounds and develop innovative cell therapies for degenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Definition of Promoter and Enhancer Usage during Neural Induction of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0126590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Poletti ◽  
Alessia Delli Carri ◽  
Guidantonio Malagoli Tagliazucchi ◽  
Andrea Faedo ◽  
Luca Petiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Definition ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals SV40T reprograms Schwann cells into stem-like cells that can re-differentiate into terminal nerve cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-fang Li ◽  
Guo-xin Nan ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Chang Gao ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Neural Crest Cells

Background: The specific effect of SV40T on neurocytes has been rarely investigated by the researchers. We transfected Schwann cells (SCs) that did not have differentiation ability with MPH 86 plasmid containing SV40T in order to explore the effects of SV40T on Schwann cells.Methods: SCs were transfected with MPH 86 plasmid carrying the SV40T gene and cultured in different media, as well as co-cultured with neural stem cells (NSCs). In our study, SCs overexpressing SV40T were defined as SV40T-SCs. The proliferation of these cells was detected by WST-1, and the expression of different biomarkers was analyzed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: SV40T induced the characteristics of NSCs, such as the ability to grow in suspension, form spheroid colonies and proliferate rapidly, in the SCs, which were reversed by knocking out SV40T by the Flip-adenovirus. In addition, SV40T upregulated the expressions of neural crest-associated markers Nestin, Pax3 and Slug, and down-regulated S100b as well as the markers of mature SCs MBP, GFAP and Olig1/2. These cells also expressed NSC markers like Nestin, Sox2, CD133 and SSEA-1, as well as early development markers of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) like BMP4, c-Myc, OCT4 and Gbx2. Co-culturing with NSCs induced differentiation of the SV40T-SCs into neuronal and glial cells. Conclusions: SV40T reprograms Schwann cells to stem-like cells at the stage of neural crest cells (NCCs) that can differentiate to neurocytes.

scholarly journals An additional human chromosome 21 causes suppression of neural fate of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells in a teratoma model

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afua Mensah ◽  
Claire Mulligan ◽  
Jackie Linehan ◽  
Sandra Ruf ◽  
Aideen O'Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Chromosome ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Neural Fate ◽  
Human Chromosome 21

Effective Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer Into Neural Stem Cells Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia M. Bertram ◽  
Susan M. Hawes ◽  
Simone Egli ◽  
Swee Lim Peh ◽  
Mirella Dottori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem

SOX2, a Persistent Marker for Multipotential Neural Stem Cells Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells, the Embryo or the Adult

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 148-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pam Ellis ◽  
B. Matthew Fagan ◽  
Scott T. Magness ◽  
Scott Hutton ◽  
Olena Taranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem
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