scholarly journals Further Studies on the Lyo and Desmo Components of Several Hydrolytic Enzymes and Their Histochemical Significance

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Hannibal ◽  
Marvin M. Nachlas
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
And Diffusion

This report describes additional studies of the lyo and desmo components of esterase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, and ß-glucuronidase. The techniques used have already been reported (7). Enzyme diffusion occurs to different degrees in different fixatives, and varies somewhat with each enzyme. Loss of enzymatic activity during fixation occurs as a result of both inactivation due to the chemical reaction of the fixative with the enzymic protein, and diffusion of the lyo component into the fixative. The amount of diffusion into formalin can be reduced by the addition of salts, sucrose, or methocel. The pH of the aqueous medium significantly influences the removal of the lyo fraction from the tissue section. A striking similarity can be noted in the proportions of each fraction of enzyme present in the kidney of the rat, dog, and man. The procedure of fixation and paraffin embedding of tissue blocks does not wholly prevent the diffusion of the lyo component from the tissue sections when they are subsequently immersed in the aqueous incubation medium.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF LYO- AND DESMOENZYMES IN TISSUE SECTIONS WITH AND WITHOUT FIXATION

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin M. Nachlas ◽  
William Prinn ◽  
Arnold M. Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Tissue Section ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tissue Sections

1. Tissue sections eight microns thick were exposed to various experimental conditions used in histochemistry, and the effect upon the activities of esterase, the phosphatases, leucine aminopeptidase, ß-glucuronidase, and arylsulfatase was determined colorimetrically. 2. Significant differences were found in the amounts of the lyo and desmo fractions of these enzymes. The desmo components were found to be for esterase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, ß-glucuronidase, and arylsulfatase, ⅓, 2/3, 2/3, ½, ⅛, and ⅛ of the total enzymatic activity respectively. 3. Variations in the time and in the temperature at which diffusion was studied and of the pH and salt concentration of the solution into which the sections were placed, resulted in differences in the amount of enzymatic activity which remained in the tissue section. Some enzyme loss by diffusion was noted even after fixation of the tissue section. 4. The significance of the findings with respect to some of the concepts of localization of enzymes in tissue sections was discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of different copper doses and organic fertilisation on soil’s enzymatic activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Beata Kuziemska ◽  
Andrzej Wysokiński ◽  
Joanna Trębicka
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Organic Fertilisation

A three-year pot experiment carried out in the vegetation hall in 2014–2016 included studying the enzymatic activity of soil, into which various amounts of copper: (100, 200 and 300 mg Cu/kg soil) and organic materials (cattle manure, chicken manure, post-mushroom substrate) were introduced, used separately, at a soil-introduction dose of 2 g C<sub>org</sub>/kg. Copper and organic materials were used once, only in the first year of the study, before sowing test plant orchard grass. In soil collected after the last (fourth) swath of grass in each year of the study, the activity of urease, dehydrogenases, acid, and alkaline phosphatase was determined. Applications of copper to the soil, regardless of its dose, resulted in a decrease in urease, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase and an increase in acid phosphatase activity. The inactivating effect of this metal on the activity of urease, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase increased with the increase of its dose. Organic fertilisation generally increased the enzymatic activity of the analysed soil. In subsequent years of the study, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased, while acid phosphatase activity increased. Dehydrogenase activity did not change significantly in subsequent years of the study.  

scholarly journals The distribution of some hydrolases in glomeruli and tubular fragments prepared from rat kidney by zonal centrifugation

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Taylor ◽  
R. G. Price ◽  
D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Rat Kidney Cortex ◽  
Starch Gel

1. A collagenase digest of rat kidney cortex was separated into four bands by zonal centrifugation. 2. Two of these bands were shown by light-microscopy to contain glomeruli and tubular fragments, which were free from each other and well separated from other renal material. 3. Protein, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, 5′-nucleotidase, l-leucine β-naphthylamidase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were assayed across the gradient. 4. The greater proportion of these enzyme activities was recovered in the tubular fragments and acid phosphatase was the only enzyme detected in significant amounts in the glomeruli. 5. Tubular fragments and glomeruli were sedimented and multiple forms of β-naphthylamidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were investigated by starch-gel electrophoresis.

Mercury and other potentially toxic elements in the Sierra Gorda (Queretaro area, Mexico): affection to enzymatic activity in soils.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Higueras ◽  
Karen Arroyo ◽  
JuanAntonio Campos ◽  
Jesus Peco ◽  
JoseMaria Esbrí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Study Sites

&lt;p&gt;Cinnabar mining, to obtain mercury, is still an important activity for the residents of the Sierra Gorda in Mexico, so this activity is currently source of mercury emission and possibly of other potentially toxic elements (PTE). In this work, seven study sites, located in areas with presence of exploitations of active or decommissioned mercury mines, have been studies with the aim of characterizing its occurrence and their effects on soil health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Biogeochemical analyses have been carried out with the purpose of identifying the key factors related with nutritional and toxicological status of these soils, looking for possible relationships between mercury, PTEs and their impact on the enzymatic activity of the soil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The values &amp;#8203;&amp;#8203;obtained for total mercury ranged from 5 to 159 ppm; comparing these values with those from an uncontaminated area, we observe that all zones are above reference range (0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg) and that four of them exceed the maximum permissible limits (23 mg/kg), according to Mexican regulations. Other measured PTE elements were Pb, with a range between 18.7 to 814.1 mg/kg; Cu between 45.4 to 94.2 mg/kg; Zn between 145.1 to 555.8 mg/kg; As between 30.5 to 1590 mg/kg; and Sb between 18.3 to 169.6 mg/kg. &amp;#160;Comparing with other areas, anomalous concentrations of trace elements in soils with the following values are considered: Pb up to 10,000 mg/kg, Cu up to 2,000 mg/kg, Zn up to 10,000 mg/kg and As up to 2500 mg/kg; none of the determined elements exceeds these reference values. In the case of enzymatic activities, a range between 111.36 and 332.38 &amp;#181;gTPF g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; was obtained with dehydrogenase. These values are slightly higher compared to other Hg contaminated soils (110 &amp;#181;gTPF g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) described by this team. For the acid phosphatase, a range between 516.72 to 1606.34 &amp;#181;gPNF g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;h&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;; and for alkaline phosphatase a range between 1624.92 to 4070.82 &amp;#181;gPNF g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;h&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. These values correspond to those measured in Sokolov, Czech Republic, ranging from 381 to 1510 &amp;#181;gPNF g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;h&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; for acid phosphatase and 455 to 4820 &amp;#181;gPNF g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;h&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; for alkaline phosphatase measured in topsoil layer from spoil heaps after brown coal mining.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results show that the soil has contents of PTE elements indicating low pollution degree, except for Hg, registering concentrations above the maximum permissible limits for non-industrial soils; however, the results of the enzymatic activity reflect a &quot;good&quot; activity. Therefore, the incidence of the presence of these metals in the soil health, as measured through enzymatic activity, does not have a significant impact and the studied soils can be considered as suitable for commercial, residential or agricultural uses.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Composition of Seeds Obtained from Non-nodulating and Nodulating Peanut Lines and Cultivars1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Pancholy ◽  
S. M. M. Basha ◽  
D. W. Gorbet
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Parental Lines

Abstract The composition of seeds obtained from non-nodulating and nodulating peanut lines was studied. Peanut samples from the non-nodulating genotype were low in oil and protein, high in α-amino nitrogen, soluble carbohydrates, and the amino acids lysine, alanine, methionine, and threonine as compared to its nodulating parental lines and ‘Florunner’. No differences however, were noted in iodine value of the oil. Peanuts from the non-nodulating line were also found to have higher activities of the hydrolytic enzymes leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase.

Enzymatic activity of yeasts isolated from the inflamed mammary secretion in dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wawron ◽  
M. Bochniarz ◽  
M. Szczubiał
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Candida Kefyr ◽  
Candida Famata ◽  
Candida Lusitaniae ◽  
Leucine Arylamidase

Enzymatic activity of yeasts isolated from the inflamed mammary secretion in dairy cows The aim of the study was to evaluate enzymatic activities of yeasts isolated from inflammatory mammary secretion. The yeasts isolated from cows with clinical and sub-clinical mastitis (134 strains) included: Candida krusei (62 strains), Candida kefyr (48 strains), Candida lusitaniae (17 strains) and Candida famata (7 strains). The API ZYM system was used containing substrates to assess 19 hydrolytic enzymes. Substantial differences in the number and activity of hydrolyses were demonstrated in individual species. In Candida krusei, acid phosphatase showed the highest activity (4.36 points), in Candida kefyr and Candida lusitaniae - leucine arylamidase (4.93 and 4.25 points, respectively), in Candida famata - α-glucosidase (4.75 points). No activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, α-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-mannosidase or α-fucosidase was observed in any of the yeasts examined.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMMUNE RESPONSE AND HYDROLASE ACTIVITY IN RAT MONONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 795-803
Author(s):  
Fred S. Shults ◽  
John M. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Hydrolase Activity ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Mononuclear Leucocytes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stimulation Of

Studies of differences in hydrolase activity of peritoneal mononuclear leucocytes from normal rats and rats given three injections of killed Francisella tularensis vaccine demonstrated increases of 37–69% in ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, and acid phosphatase in lysates of cells obtained from vaccinated animals. No deviation from normal was observed for B-glucuronidase, alkaline phosphatase, or cathepsin. Following a single injection of vaccine the activity of ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, and acid phosphatase decreased slightly and then increased, reaching a maximum of 96 h and returning to normal levels after 30 d. Stimulation of the animals with a second injection of vaccine at 96 h resulted in an immediate and pronounced depression in activity of deoxyribonuclease and acid phosphatase which also was followed by an increase similar to that observed initially. Analysis of the various leucocytic fractions revealed 52.2–56.4% of the total enzymatic activity to be associated with the cytoplasmic granules.

scholarly journals Cytochemical localization of certain hydrolytic enzymes at various stages of development of Achlya flagellata mycelium

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Palczewska ◽  
G. Jagodzka
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
End Products ◽  
E 600 ◽  
Phosphatase Alkaline

The standard coupling azo dyes techniques were used to reveal the activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, esterase and β-galactoidase in the vegetative and reproductive cycle of <i>Achlya flagellata</i>. The end-products of the enzymic reactions, with the exception of E 600 sentisive esterese, which is localized in cytoplasm, occured in cytoplasmic granules. These granules are expected to be spherosomes. Acid phosphatase activity is high in differentiating sporangia, in antheridial hyphae and in degenerating oospheres where hydrolytic processes occur. β-galactosidase is the least active enzyme in the mycelium of <i>Achlya</i>.

scholarly journals Histological structure of the digestive tract and digestive enzymatic activity of juvenile Pacific seahorse (Hippocampus ingens)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-575
Author(s):  
Daniela Corona-Rojas ◽  
Renato Peña ◽  
Carmen Rodríguez-Jaramillo ◽  
Dariel Tovar-Ramírez ◽  
Patricia Hinojosa-Baltazar
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Acid Mucins

The histological structure, histochemical features, and enzymatic activity of the digestive tract of juvenile Pacific seahorse (Hippocampus ingens) are described to provide information during the cultivation of this species. Serial histological sections were stained with either hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue-PAS, toluidine blue, Sudan black, Masson's trichome, and ninhydrin-Schiff to describe the general features and the presence of glycogen, mucopolysaccharides, lipids, muscle layers, and proteins, respectively. The enterocytes height and the mucosal villi height in the esophagus and intestines were measured. Additionally, the digestive enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase, aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were recorded. The esophagus showed two distinctive regions, the anterior with numerous mucous cells secreting acid mucins and the posterior with longitudinal folds and no mucous cells. The intestine was differentiated into three regions. The anterior showed goblet cells secreting acid and neutral mucins, while the middle and posterior regions presented goblet cells secreting only acid mucins. The activity of aminopeptidase, chymotrypsin, and amylase showed low levels, while the trypsin and acid phosphatase activity levels were intermediate. Lipase and alkaline phosphatase showed the highest activities. The results point that juvenile H. ingens presents a digestive structure similar to other teleost species. The high levels of lipase suggest that juvenile H. ingens have high requirements for lipids during this stage.

STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF NIDATION. XVII. HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DECIDUALIZATION IN THE RAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertha L. Lobel ◽  
Liliane Tic ◽  
M. C. Shelesnyak
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Metrial Gland ◽  
Histochemical Changes

ABSTRACT Histochemical changes in the activities of acid phosphatase, considered to be characteristic of lysosomes, and of alkaline and adenosinetriphosphatase, were studied during the period of regression of deciduomata in the uterus of the pseudopregnant rat. The activity of alkaline phosphatase and adenosinetriphosphatase declined rapidly prior to and during the period of involution. A rise in the activity of acid phosphatase began antimesometrially at the periphery of the deciduomata, before shrinkage was evident in the histological preparations. Acid phosphatase activity remained high during the period of regression and subsequently declined. Enzymatic activity was also high in the metrial gland cells, and in the macrophages which appeared in the uterus and apparently contributed to the breakdown and removal of the deciduomata. Changes were also demonstrated in the amount of free lipids and connective tissue components of the uterus. Great variability was noted in the appearance of uteri from animals killed at the same time intervals following stimulation during the period of regression of deciduomata and this variability was related to the time of occurrence of the first ovulation terminating the period of pseudopregnancy in deciduomata bearing rats.

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