scholarly journals STUDIES OF THE HEMOLYSIS OF RED BLOOD CELLS BY MUMPS VIRUS

1959 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Soule ◽  
Guido V. Marinetti ◽  
Herbert R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Hemolytic Action ◽  
Hemolytic Property

Hemolysis of chicken red blood cells by mumps virus is associated with the release of sphingomyelin from the stromal lipoprotein and the destruction of 65 per cent of the sphingomyelin of the red cell stroma. However, the virus had no effect on isolated phosphatides extracted from the erythrocytes. The hemolytic action of the virus and changes in sphingomyelin content of the erythrocytes fail to occur at a pH of 6.0. The viral hemolysis of human erythrocytes is not associated with similar alterations in their content of sphingomyelin. The absence of lecithin from sheep erythrocytes, which are also lysed by mumps virus, is additional evidence that a viral lecithinase is not associated with the hemolytic property of mumps virus. Mumps virus concentrated from the amniotic fluid of viral infected chick embryos contains about 7 per cent phosphatide, 60 per cent of which is sphingomyelin.

Hemolytic action of potassium salts on dog red blood cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (5) ◽  
pp. C313-C317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Potassium Salts ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Potassium Flux ◽  
Hemolytic Action ◽  
Calcium Activated Potassium Channel

Recent demonstrations of chloride-associated passive potassium movements in red blood cells of humans, ducks, sheep, and toadfish prompted a reinvestigation of potassium permeability in dog red blood cells. Early observations of Davson (J. Physiol. London 101:265-283, 1942) had shown that replacement of chloride by nitrate and thiocyanate caused a greatly increased rate of potassium flux across the dog red cell membrane. This finding seemed at variance with results in other species in which chloride replacement caused a fall in potassium flux. The present data indicate that passive potassium movements in swollen dog red blood cells are chloride dependent and furosemide sensitive, as shown for the cells of other species. Davson's findings were demonstrated to be due to the inclusion of small quantities of calcium in the medium under circumstances that favored calcium entry into the cells, thus opening the calcium-activated potassium channel described by Gardos (Curr. Top. Membr. Transp. 10:217-277, 1978 and Nature London 279:248-250, 1979). Potassium movements through the latter channel were stimulated when chloride was replaced by more permeant anions, such as nitrate and thiocyanate, which also increased the rate of net potassium movements in valinomycin-treated cells.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF THE HEMOLYSIS OF RED BLOOD CELLS BY MUMPS VIRUS

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Wei Chu ◽  
Herbert R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Chick Embryos

The conditions for the production of extra-embryonic fluids with hemolytic activity from chick embryos infected with mumps virus have been investigated. Infected fluids with strong hemolytic activity can be obtained by harvesting the fluids of 6- to 8-day-old chick embryos inoculated by the amniotic route after 5 to 6 days' incubation at 35°C. Under such circumstances, the hemolytic capacity of amniotic fluids is usually much higher than that of the allantoic fluids. The hemolytic activity and infectivity of the virus have been found to be reduced or destroyed by heat, formaldehyde, and ultraviolet irradiation under conditions which leave the hemagglutinating capacity practically unchanged. Ultraviolet irradiation appeared to have a greater deleterious effect on the infectivity of the virus than on its hemolytic capacity. The marked reduction or destruction of hemolytic activity of the virus produced by certain treatments with these various agencies was not accompanied by loss of the ability of the virus to elute following its adsorption on red blood cells during the process of hemagglutination. This test for hemolytic activity, which measures a more labile property of the virus than do determinations of virus hemagglutination or virus elution, may be useful in detecting changes which occur early during degradation of the virus.

scholarly journals Hemolytic Property of Some Carbohydrases; Their Possible Role in Red Cell Destruction

Blood ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 912-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIE P. LEROY ◽  
WILMA SPURRIER
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Hemolytic Property

Abstract β-glucuronidase, in concentration above the normal level in the blood, hemolyzed human red blood cells after a latent period of 10 to 12 hours. Erythrocytes sensitized by specific antibodies are lysed in the presence of β-glucuronidase in physiologic concentrations (approximately 200 Fishman units per 100 ml. of serum). Other enzymes, such as hyaluronidase and lysozyme, are hemolytic also. Similarity between these enzymes and the lysins found in pre-incubated tissue extracts is pointed out. It is suggested that β-glucuronidase and hyaluronidase play some role in the destruction of red blood cells under certain pathologic conditions. The inhibition of the lytic action of β-glucuronidase by D-glucosaccharic acid and by small concentration of silver nitrate is shown. Inhibitors of β-glucuronidase lysis could be of some value in the treatment of some hemolytic disorders.

Norepinephrine-mediated hypoxic stimulation of embryonic red cell carbonic anhydrase and 2,3-DPG synthesis

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. R982-R989 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dragon ◽  
S. Glombitza ◽  
R. Gotz ◽  
R. Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
2,3 Dpg ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hypoxia is the stimulus for activation of red cell carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) synthesis of chick red blood cells during late embryonic development. We have tested whether plasma catecholamines are involved as hormonal mediators, because hypoxia is a well-known stimulus for catecholamine release in mammalian fetuses. Plasma catecholamines were measured in 8- to 16-day-old chick embryos. Plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) were initially low, but its concentration increased rapidly from 2.7 nM (day 12) to 13.4 nM at day 13 and 25.5 nM at day 16. Epinephrine (E) was not detectable before day 13. Short-term hypoxic exposure of day 11 embryos (1-h incubation at 13.5% O2) increased plasma NE concentration fivefold compared with the controls but had no effect on E. During 15-h in vitro incubation of red blood cells from day 11, addition of 1 microM NE to the incubation medium increased the red cell 2,3-DPG concentration nearly threefold and CAII activity sixfold compared with the control. The CAII activity and 2,3-DPG concentration were also increased when cells were incubated with plasma from late chick embryos. The activation was induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. Atenolol and propranolol blocked the effects of NE and embryonic chick plasma. Analysis of de novo protein synthesis ([35S]methionine incorporation) demonstrated that catecholamines stimulate the synthesis of several proteins besides CAII. The results indicate that developmental changes of plasma NE concentration are instrumental in the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent activation of CAII and 2,3-DPG synthesis of red blood cells from late chick embryos.

Effect of high altitude and in vivo adenosine/(β)-adrenergic receptor blockade on ATP and 2,3BPG concentrations in red blood cells of avian embryos

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (20) ◽  
pp. 2787-2795
Author(s):  
S. Dragon ◽  
C. Carey ◽  
K. Martin ◽  
R. Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Atp Concentration

In chick embryos, developmental changes of the blood oxygen tension control hemoglobin (Hb) oxygen affinity via modulation of ATP and 2, 3BPG concentrations in red blood cells. Hypoxia, which is a normal developmental condition for late chick embryos, causes a decrease of the red cell ATP concentration (and increase of red cell oxygen affinity) as well as activation of 2,3BPG synthesis via cyclic AMP-dependent signaling. Adenosine and catecholamines have been implicated as signaling substances in these red cell responses. To assess the extent to which adenosine and catecholamines are involved in vivo in the control of red cell ATP/2,3BPG concentrations, day 13 chick embryos were treated for 24 h with adenosine A(2) and/or (β)-adrenergic receptor blockers and red cell ATP and 2,3BPG levels were determined. The data suggest that adaptive effects later in development in chick embryos induced by adenosine and catecholamines are vital. We have also tested whether avian embryos of the free-living, high-altitude, native white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) alter their organic phosphate pattern in red cells in response to incubation at different altitudes. Embryos incubated at 3600–4100 m decrease their red cell ATP concentration much more rapidly than embryos of the same clutch incubated at 1600 m. From these data it can be inferred that the oxygen affinity of high altitude embryos will be adjusted to the altitude at which the eggs are incubated.

Colloid osmotic pressure changes of dog's blood exposed to different mixtures of CO2 and air

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kakiuchi ◽  
A. B. DuBois ◽  
D. Gorenberg
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Different Levels

Hansen's membrane manometer method for measuring plasma colloid osmotic pressure was used to obtain the osmolality changes of dogs breathing different levels of CO2. Osmotic pressure was converted to osmolality by calibration of the manometer with saline and plasma, using freezing point depression osmometry. The addition of 10 vol% of CO2 to tonometered blood caused about a 2.0 mosmol/kg H2O increase of osmolality, or 1.2% increase of red blood cell volume. The swelling of the red blood cells was probably due to osmosis caused by Cl- exchanged for the HCO3- which was produced rapidly by carbonic anhydrase present in the red blood cells. The change in colloid osmotic pressure accompanying a change in co2 tension was measured on blood obtained from dogs breathing different CO2 mixtures. It was approximately 0.14 mosmol/kg H2O per Torr Pco2. The corresponding change in red cell volume could not be calculated from this because water can exchange between the plasma and tissues.

A RAPID SIMPLE IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF Tc99m RED BLOOD CELLS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RED CELL VOLUME

1973 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM C. ECKELMAN ◽  
RICHARD C. REBA ◽  
SOLOMON N. ALBERT
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Red Cell Volume

THE UNIQUE FETAL RED CELL AND ITS FUNCTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Oski
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Fetus ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Rapid Replacement

The red blood cells of the human fetus differ in many major respects from the red cells of the normal adult. These differences appear admirably suited for the acquisition, transport, and release of oxygen in the low oxygen atmosphere of intrauterine existence. These same differences appear to confer a handicap to the cell in the extrauterine environment, particularly under conditions of hypoxic stress. The rapid replacement of these cells by artificial means, such as early exchange transfusion, may offer an advantage to the newborn infant in certain clinical situations.

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