scholarly journals HAPTEN-SPECIFIC STIMULATION OF SECONDARY B CELLS INDEPENDENT OF T CELLS

1973 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman R. Klinman ◽  
Robert A. Doughty
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Spleen Cell ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Specific Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Treatment of spleen cell suspensions from immunized mice with anti-theta serum and complement before transfer to nonimmune irradiated recipients reduced the degree of in vitro stimulation by hapten-homologous carrier complexes by 90%, but did not decrease at all the number of isolated precursor cells stimulated by hapten on heterologous carriers. Thus, secondary B cells can be stimulated by low concentrations of multiply substituted hapten-carrier complexes in the apparent complete absence of specific T cells.

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF A HEMOLYSIN RESPONSE IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ulrich Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Chimeras

Spleen cells of bone marrow chimeras (B cells) and of irradiated mice injected with thymus cells and heterologous erythrocytes (educated T cells) were mixed and cultured together (17). The number of PFC developing in these cultures was dependent both on the concentration of the B cells and of the educated T cells. In excess of T cells the number of developing PFC is linearly dependent on the number of B cells. At high concentrations of T cells more PFC developed; the increase in the number of PFC was greatest between the 3rd and 4th day of culture. Increased numbers of educated T cells also assisted the development of PFC directed against the erythrocytes. It is concluded that the T cells not only play a role during the triggering of the precursor cells but also during the time of proliferation of the B cells; close contact between B and T cells seems to be needed to allow the positive activity of the T cells.

scholarly journals Autologous stimulation of human lymphocyte subpopulation.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Opelz ◽  
M Kiuchi ◽  
M Takasugi ◽  
P I Terasaki
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulation ◽  
High Background ◽  
Background Stimulation ◽  
Most Probable Explanation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The background stimulation universally seen when lymphocytes are cultured in vitro has been shown to be markedly lowered by reducing the proportion of B lymphocytes. B-rich fractions of lymphocytes had extremely high background stimulation. It is concluded that stimulation of T cells, probably by autologous B cells, provides the most probable explanation for the findings described.

scholarly journals In vitro stimulation of human tonsillar subepithelial B cells: requirement for interaction with activated T cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Dono ◽  
Simona Zupo ◽  
Rosanna Massara ◽  
Silvano Ferrini ◽  
Andrea Melagrana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ANTIGENS AND OF PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ ON RABBIT SPLEEN CELL SUSPENSIONS

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Harris ◽  
R. J. Littleton
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Spleen Cell ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Sheep Red Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated the rate of DNA synthesis in rabbit spleen cell suspensions. Unlike antigens, previous immunization to PHA was not necessary and the specific response could not be transferred by macrophages, although lymphocytes primed by incubation in PHA were able to stimulate other spleen cells not directly exposed to PHA. When rabbits were stimulated by in vivo immunization with antigens, spleen cells proliferating in response to antigen were stimulated to divide by in vitro contact with PHA. Using the technique of specific hemolytic plaque formation by individual cells synthesizing γM-antibody to sheep red cells (plaque-forming cells), no evidence was obtained that stimulation of cell division by PHA resulted in specific antibody formation, although the presence of antigen resulted both in stimulation of cell proliferation and the production of plaque-forming cells. The presence of both sheep red cells and PHA in the medium of the same cell suspensions did not enhance the production of plaque-forming cells although there was a summative effect on DNA synthesis.

scholarly journals Feedback suppression of the immune response in vitro. I. Activity of antigen-stimulated B cells.

1980 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Zubler ◽  
H Cantor ◽  
B Benacerraf ◽  
R N Germain
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Spleen Cell ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Feedback Suppression

Feedback regulation of the primary humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was studied in vitro. Whole spleen cells or spleen cell subpopulations were incubated with antigen for 4 d under Mishell-Dutton conditions (education) and the surviving cells tested for regulatory activity in fresh anti-SRBC spleen cell cultures assayed by measuring plaque-forming cells on day 4. The data indicate that (a) whole spleen cells educated with SRBC exert potent antigen-specific suppression in the assay culture, (b) surface Ig- (sIg-) cells (T cells) prepared by either nylon-wool separation or fractionation on rabbit anti-mouse-Ig-coated polystyrene Petri dishes failed to generate suppressive activity when educated alone, in 2-mercaptoethanol, or in the presence of additional macrophages, (c) surface Ig (sIg+) (B) cells educated alone also failed to generate suppressor cells, and (d) mixing sIg- (T) and sIg+, Lyt 123- (B) cells reconstituted the ability to induce suppressor cells under these conditions. The antigen-primed cell actually required to transfer suppression was also characterized by separating cells using anti-Ig coated dishes, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and by anti-Lyt treatment. All these methods clearly identified sIg+ (B) and not sIg+ (T) cells as the important educated cells. It is concluded that under our conditions, T cell-dependent B cells triggered by antigen during primary in vitro cultures cause potent specific feedback suppression of humoral responses. Possible mechanisms for this suppression, including antigen blockade or anti-idiotypic responses, are discussed.

scholarly journals CD4pos, NK1.1pos T cells promptly produce interleukin 4 in response to in vivo challenge with anti-CD3.

1994 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 1285-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yoshimoto ◽  
W E Paul
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Spleen Cell ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Ifn Gamma

Injection of anti-CD3 antibodies causes prompt expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-2, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA among spleen cells. The optimal dose of anti-CD3 for such induction was 1.33 microgram/animal; lymphokine mRNA was first observed at 30 min, peaked at 90 min, and was undetectable (for IL-4) or had declined markedly by 4 h. Cells harvested from spleens of mice injected with anti-CD3 90 min earlier secreted IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-gamma without further stimulation. By contrast, in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3 of spleen cell suspensions or splenic fragments from noninjected donors failed to cause prompt production of IL-4 and, even after 24 h of stimulation, the amount of IL-4 produced in such cells was substantially less than that secreted within 1 h by spleen cell suspensions or splenic fragments from mice injected with anti-CD3 90 min earlier. Production of IL-4 by spleen cells from anti-CD3-injected mice was not inhibited by pretreatment with anti-IL-4 antibody or with IFN-gamma or tumor growth factor beta nor enhanced by treatment with IL-4. By contrast, CTLA-4 immunoglobulin (Ig) treatment clearly diminished IL-4 production in response to in vivo anti-CD3, indicating that cellular interactions involving CD28 (or related molecules) were important in stimulation. Cell sorting analysis indicated that the cells that produced IL-4 in response to in vivo injection of anti-CD3 were highly enriched in CD4pos cells with the phenotype leukocyte cell adhesion molecule-1 (LECAM-1)dull, CD44bright, CD45RBdull, NK1.1pos. Indeed, the small population of CD4pos, NK1.1pos cells had the great majority of the IL-4-producing activity of this population. Injection with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B also caused prompt induction of IL-4 mRNA; the cells that were principally responsible for production also had the phenotype of CD4pos, NK1.1pos. These results suggest that possibility that this rare population of T cells may be capable of secreting IL-4 at the outset of immune responses and thus may act to regulate the pattern of priming of naive T cells, by providing a source of IL-4 to favor the development of T cell helper 2-like IL-4-producing cells.

scholarly journals Allogeneic carrier-specific enhancement of hapten-specific secondary B-cell responses.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 1254-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Pierce ◽  
N R Klinman
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Region Gene ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Collaborative Interaction ◽  
Triggering Events ◽  
Stimulation Of

We have analyzed the capacity of carrier-specific T cells to enhance the immune response of hapten-specific secondary B cells which do not share genes in the H-2 complex with the T cells. For this analysis we have used the in vitro splenic focus technique which allows assessment of monoclonal responses of B cells isolated in splenic fragment cultures of irradiated reconstituted carrier primed mice. A previous report from this laboratory demonstrated that syngeny in the I region of the H-2 complex was necessary between collaborating hapten-specific primary (nonimmune) B cells and carrier-specific T cells for responses yielding IgG1 but not IgM antibody. These findings lead up to postulate that the expression of I-region gene products on the surface of primary B cells and I-region syngeny with collaborating carrier-specific T cells were essential elements in the triggering events leading to IgG1 synthesis by primary B cells. The results presented in the present report indicate that, unlike primary B cells, the majority of secondary B cells can be stimulated to produce IgG1 antibody in carrier-primed allogeneic recipients. Although the enhancement of secondary IgG1 responses is slightly greater with syngeneic T cells, the allogeneic collaborative interaction requires both carrier priming of recipient mice and stimulation with the homologous hapten-carrier complex and thus appears to be specific. These findings clearly discriminate secondary from primary B cells and indicate that the mechanism of stimulation of secondary B cells to yield IgG1-producing clones differs fundamentally from the stimulation of primary B cells in that the requisite for I-region syngeny is obviated.

scholarly journals Direct interactions between B and T lymphocytes bearing complementary receptors.

1986 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Tite ◽  
J Kaye ◽  
K M Saizawa ◽  
J Ming ◽  
M E Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Th Cell ◽  
Low Concentrations

A murine cloned Th cell line specific for the antigen conalbumin in the context of self I-A molecules can be activated by low concentrations of soluble antireceptor mAb. By using an antireceptor mAb to shared antigenic determinants on T cell receptors, we have shown that the ability to be activated by soluble antireceptor mAb is an unusual, although not unique, feature of this cloned T cell line. This activation does not involve occult APC, FcR, or interaction between individual cloned T cells, as limiting-dilution analysis shows that individual cells of this clone will grow in the presence of the antireceptor antibody and IL-1 as stimulus. This cloned T cell line is highly immunogenic in vivo, giving rise to antireceptor antibodies that stimulate its growth in both mice and rats. This response is not dependent upon exogenous T cells. Rather, the clone directly interacts with complementary B cells, as shown by the production of mAb in nude mice, and by production of stimulating antireceptor antibodies by purified B cells cultured with cloned Th cells in vitro. Several features of this cloned Th cell line, most especially its ability to be activated, rather than inhibited, by antireceptor antibodies, may account for its striking ability to directly activate B cells bearing complementary receptors. The direct interaction of the cloned Th cell with B cells bearing complementary receptors may serve as a model for receptor-receptor interactions in the generation of both T and B cell repertoires.

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