scholarly journals Long-term residence of a graft is an insufficient stimulus for the induction of tolerance. Investigating the role of cyclosporine in class I-disparate heart grafts in the rat.

1988 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 807-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Lim ◽  
D J White
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Graft Rejection ◽  
Class I ◽  
Heart Graft ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Induction Of Tolerance

This study demonstrates that the induction of tolerance is possible across a class I only antigenic barrier that fails to produce heart graft rejection. However, the long-term residence alone of such a graft per se, does not necessarily lead to the establishment of systemic tolerance in the recipient. The important finding in this study with regard to the biology of allograft tolerance, is that while the class I antigen provides the stimulus, its presence alone is not sufficient for the induction of tolerance; indeed, the action of the Cyclosporine A (CyA) is a necessary adjunct to its induction.

8.2-06 The role of HLA matching in long term heart graft survival

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
R.M Radvany ◽  
M.R Costanzo-Nordin ◽  
M.J Zucker ◽  
L.A Nonn ◽  
R Pifarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Hla Matching ◽  
Heart Graft

Induction of long-term heart graft survival by intrathymic injection of HLA class I peptide: a study with HLA class I transgenic mice model

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 2049-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ando ◽  
Y Beck ◽  
S Nakayama ◽  
A Asami ◽  
Y Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Heart Graft ◽  
Intrathymic Injection

Evidence for the Role of Endogenous Carbon Monoxide in Memory Processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Cutajar ◽  
T. M. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Per Se

For a decade and a half, nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in memory processing across a wide variety of tasks and species. Comparatively, endogenously produced carbon monoxide (CO) has lagged behind as a target for research into the pharmacological processes underlying memory formation. This is surprising given that CO is formed in memory-associated brain regions, is structurally similar to NO, and along with NO can activate guanylate cyclase, which is an enzyme well characterized in memory processing. Nevertheless, a limited number of electrophysiological investigations have concluded that endogenous CO is involved in long-term potentiation. Although not evidence for a role in memory per se, these studies did point to the possible importance of CO in memory processing. In addition, there is now evidence to suggest that endogenous CO is important in avoidance learning and possible for other tasks. This review therefore seeks to promote endogenous CO as a potentially important target for memory research.

Induction of long-term heart graft survival in HLA class I transgenic mice by intrathymic injection of HLA class I peptides

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 3890-3891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ando ◽  
Y Beck ◽  
N Ichikawa ◽  
K Meigata ◽  
Y Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Heart Graft ◽  
Intrathymic Injection

scholarly journals The Role of the Class II Transactivator (CIITA) in MHC Class I and II Regulation and Graft Rejection in Kidney

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasha N. Sims ◽  
Marjan Afrouzian ◽  
Joan Urmson ◽  
Lin-Fu Zhu ◽  
Philip F. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Graft Rejection ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Transactivator

scholarly journals Role of the Thymus in Transplantation Tolerance in Miniature Swine. I. Requirement of the Thymus for Rapid and Stable Induction of  Tolerance to Class I–mismatched Renal Allografts

1997 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Yamada ◽  
Pierre R. Gianello ◽  
Francesco L. Ierino ◽  
Thomas Lorf ◽  
Akira Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Class I ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Miniature Swine ◽  
Renal Allografts ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Induction Of Tolerance

The almost uniform failure in transplant patients of tolerance-inducing regimens that have been found to be effective in rodents, has made it necessary to examine large animal models before testing of new approaches clinically. Miniature swine have been shown to share many relevant immunologic parameters with humans, and because of their reproducible genetics, have proved extremely useful in providing such a large animal model. We have previously shown that indefinite systemic tolerance to renal allografts in miniature swine is induced in 100% of cases across a two-haplotype class I plus minor histocompatibility antigen disparity by a 12-d course of Cyclosporine A (CyA), in contrast to irreversible rejection observed uniformly without CyA treatment. In the present study, we have examined the role of the thymus during the induction of tolerance by performing a complete thymectomy 21 d before renal transplantation. This analysis demonstrated a striking difference between thymectomized and nonthymectomized animals. Thymectomized swine developed acute cellular rejection characterized by a T cell (CD25+) infiltrate, tubulitis, endothelialitis and glomerulitis, and anti–donor CTL reactivity in vitro. Nonthymectomized and sham thymectomized animals had a mild T cell infiltrate with few CD25+ cells and no anti–donor CTL response in vitro. These results indicate that the thymus is required for rapid and stable induction of tolerance.

scholarly journals Society in the authoritarian discourse

Intersections ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-138
Author(s):  
Kiryl Kascian ◽  
Viktor Denisenko
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Wishful Thinking ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Full Responsibility ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Election Fraud ◽  
Discourse Historical Approach ◽  
Personal Engagement

In August 2020, the presidential election took place in Belarus, followed by unprecedented mass protests due to apparent election fraud. Aliaksandr Lukashenka, the country’s long-term authoritarian leader, faced the biggest electoral challenge since his first election in 1994. This article analyzes his official rhetoric during the campaign and after the election focusing on the image of the society. For this purpose, discourse-historical approach is applied to understand his political vision of the developments in Belarus and to explore changes in his rhetoric caused by the unprecedented challenge to his power. The research demonstrates that Lukashenka acts as a classical authoritarian ruler with respective discursive strategies. The text shows that he adopted the imaginary role of Belarus’s strict father, who has assumed full responsibility for its fate and offensively reacts to every challenger of this role. It also reveals that Lukashenka sees his personal contract with the Belarusian society as a stable and durable instrument that does not require changes and per se implies his personal engagement as a party to it. Finally, the analysis of Lukashenka’s rhetoric in 2020 suggests that a voluntary transition of power in Belarus remains rather wishful thinking.

scholarly journals Recipients withIn UteroInduction of Tolerance Upregulated MHC Class I in the Engrafted Donor Skin

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jeng-Chang Chen ◽  
Liang-Shiou Ou ◽  
Hsiu-Yueh Yu ◽  
Ming-Ling Kuo ◽  
Pei-Yeh Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Donor Skin ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Infected Cells

The alterations in MHC class I expression play a crucial step in immune evasion of cancer or virus-infected cells. This study aimed to examine whether tolerized grafts modified MHC class I expression. FVB/N mice were rendered tolerant of C57BL/6 alloantigens byin uterotransplantation of C57BL/6 marrows. Postnatally, engrafted donor skins and leukocytes were examined for their MHC expression by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Engrafted donor skins upregulated their MHC class I related gene transcripts after short-term (1~2 weeks) or long-term (>1 month) engraftment. This biological phenomenon was simultaneously associated with upregulation of TAP1 gene transcripts, suggesting an important role of TAP1 in the regulation of MHC class I pathway. The surface MHC class I molecules of H-2Kbin engrafted donor leukocytes consistently showed overexpression. Conclusively, the induction of allograft tolerance involved biological modifications of donor transplants. The overexpression of MHC class I within engrafted transplants of tolerant mice might be used as the tolerance biomarkers for identifying a state of graft tolerance.

scholarly journals Antigen-specific precursor frequency impacts T cell proliferation, differentiation, and requirement for costimulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy L. Ford ◽  
Brent H. Koehn ◽  
Maylene E. Wagener ◽  
Wanhong Jiang ◽  
Shivaprakash Gangappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Graft Rejection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cellular Division ◽  
Precursor Frequency

After a brief period of antigenic stimulation, T cells become committed to a program of autonomous expansion and differentiation. We investigated the role of antigen-specific T cell precursor frequency as a possible cell-extrinsic factor impacting T cell programming in a model of allogeneic tissue transplantation. Using an adoptive transfer system to incrementally raise the precursor frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, we found that donor-reactive T cells primed at low frequency exhibited increased cellular division, decreased development of multifunctional effector activity, and an increased requirement for CD28- and CD154-mediated costimulation relative to those primed at high frequency. The results demonstrated that recipients with low CD4+ and CD8+ donor-reactive T cell frequencies exhibited long-term skin graft survival upon CD28/CD154 blockade, whereas simultaneously raising the frequency of CD4+ T cells to ∼0.5% and CD8+ T cells to ∼5% precipitated graft rejection despite CD28/CD154 blockade. Antigenic rechallenge of equal numbers of cells stimulated at high or low frequency revealed that cells retained an imprint of the frequency at which they were primed. These results demonstrate a critical role for initial precursor frequency in determining the CD8+ T cell requirement for CD28- and CD154-mediated costimulatory signals during graft rejection.

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