scholarly journals Society in the authoritarian discourse

Intersections ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-138
Author(s):  
Kiryl Kascian ◽  
Viktor Denisenko
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Wishful Thinking ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Full Responsibility ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Election Fraud ◽  
Discourse Historical Approach ◽  
Personal Engagement

In August 2020, the presidential election took place in Belarus, followed by unprecedented mass protests due to apparent election fraud. Aliaksandr Lukashenka, the country’s long-term authoritarian leader, faced the biggest electoral challenge since his first election in 1994. This article analyzes his official rhetoric during the campaign and after the election focusing on the image of the society. For this purpose, discourse-historical approach is applied to understand his political vision of the developments in Belarus and to explore changes in his rhetoric caused by the unprecedented challenge to his power. The research demonstrates that Lukashenka acts as a classical authoritarian ruler with respective discursive strategies. The text shows that he adopted the imaginary role of Belarus’s strict father, who has assumed full responsibility for its fate and offensively reacts to every challenger of this role. It also reveals that Lukashenka sees his personal contract with the Belarusian society as a stable and durable instrument that does not require changes and per se implies his personal engagement as a party to it. Finally, the analysis of Lukashenka’s rhetoric in 2020 suggests that a voluntary transition of power in Belarus remains rather wishful thinking.

Evidence for the Role of Endogenous Carbon Monoxide in Memory Processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Cutajar ◽  
T. M. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Per Se

For a decade and a half, nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in memory processing across a wide variety of tasks and species. Comparatively, endogenously produced carbon monoxide (CO) has lagged behind as a target for research into the pharmacological processes underlying memory formation. This is surprising given that CO is formed in memory-associated brain regions, is structurally similar to NO, and along with NO can activate guanylate cyclase, which is an enzyme well characterized in memory processing. Nevertheless, a limited number of electrophysiological investigations have concluded that endogenous CO is involved in long-term potentiation. Although not evidence for a role in memory per se, these studies did point to the possible importance of CO in memory processing. In addition, there is now evidence to suggest that endogenous CO is important in avoidance learning and possible for other tasks. This review therefore seeks to promote endogenous CO as a potentially important target for memory research.

Obsession with status and ressentiment: Historical backgrounds of the Russian discursive identity construction

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Malinova
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Social Competition ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Social Creativity ◽  
The One ◽  
Motivating Factor ◽  
Russian Identity

This article analyzes the role of ressentiment in the long-term historical process of Russia’s collective self-identification vis-à-vis “the West”. It argues that ressentiment was persistently generated by the structure of this relationship as long as Russia’s aspiration for an equal status continually proved to be unrealistic. This induced different discursive strategies that are described by social identity theory (SIT) as social mobility, social creativity and social competition. As a motivating factor for the development of these strategies, on the one hand, and a recurrent consequence of their invalidity on the other, ressentiment became a considerable driving force of discourse about Russian identity.

scholarly journals Long-term residence of a graft is an insufficient stimulus for the induction of tolerance. Investigating the role of cyclosporine in class I-disparate heart grafts in the rat.

1988 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 807-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Lim ◽  
D J White
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Graft Rejection ◽  
Class I ◽  
Heart Graft ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Induction Of Tolerance

This study demonstrates that the induction of tolerance is possible across a class I only antigenic barrier that fails to produce heart graft rejection. However, the long-term residence alone of such a graft per se, does not necessarily lead to the establishment of systemic tolerance in the recipient. The important finding in this study with regard to the biology of allograft tolerance, is that while the class I antigen provides the stimulus, its presence alone is not sufficient for the induction of tolerance; indeed, the action of the Cyclosporine A (CyA) is a necessary adjunct to its induction.

Information and Self-Enforcing Democracy: The Role of International Election Observation

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan D. Hyde ◽  
Nikolay Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Election Observation ◽  
Election Fraud ◽  
Credible Information ◽  
Democratic Elections

AbstractThis article argues that when democracy is not yet institutionalized, leaders have little incentive to push for clean elections, in part because they are likely to face accusations of fraud from domestic opposition groups regardless of their true behavior. Reputable international election observers can facilitate self-enforcing democracy by providing credible information about the quality of elections, thus increasing citizens’ ability to coordinate against the regime when election fraud occurs, and discrediting “sore loser” protests. Patterns of postelection protests are consistent with the argument, including that postelection protests are more likely and last longer following negative reports from international observers. International election observers help promote democracy by making postelection protest more accurate in the short term, thereby increasing incentives for leaders to hold democratic elections in the long term.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) outcome at long-term follow-up and the role of elective neurosurgical approach: A report of 22 cases

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Menegazzo ◽  
Melissa Rosa Rizzotto ◽  
Martina Bua ◽  
Luisa Pinello ◽  
Elisabetta Tono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Central role of mycophenolate (MMF) in different immunosuppressive protocols influencing long-term survival after 305 lung transplantations

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Brenner ◽  
M Kraft ◽  
K Jaros ◽  
F Kur ◽  
J Behr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

The Second Start of Transformation in Ukraine?

2014 ◽  
pp. 30-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grigoryev ◽  
E. Buryak ◽  
A. Golyashev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
Political Turmoil

The Ukrainian socio-economic crisis has been developing for years and resulted in the open socio-political turmoil and armed conflict. The Ukrainian population didn’t meet objectives of the post-Soviet transformation, and people were disillusioned for years, losing trust in the state and the Future. The role of workers’ remittances in the Ukrainian economy is underestimated, since the personal consumption and stability depend strongly on them. Social inequality, oligarchic control of key national assets contributed to instability as well as regional disparity, aggravated by identity differences. Economic growth is slow due to a long-term underinvestment, and prospects of improvement are dependent on some difficult institutional reforms, macro stability, open external markets and the elites’ consensus. Recovering after socio-economic and political crisis will need not merely time, but also governance quality improvement, institutions reform, the investment climate revival - that can be attributed as the second transformation in Ukraine.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

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