scholarly journals STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS

1922 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
J. Heng Liu ◽  
Ernest Sturm ◽  
James B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Exposed Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lymphoid Infiltration ◽  
Ray Effects

An erythema dose of x-rays given direct to the exposed subcutaneous tissue and muscle greatly diminishes the susceptibility of the exposed area to transplanted cancer. The same dose given over the intact skin does not affect the resisting power of the underlying subcutaneous tissue. Histological examination shows that a few days after the exposure of the subcutaneous tissue there is a lymphoid infiltration of this tissue, which infiltration sometimes includes the muscle layers as well.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS

1921 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Murphy ◽  
Raymond G. Hussey ◽  
Waro Nakahara ◽  
Ernest Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Ray Effects

Small areas of the skin in the groin of mice were subjected to an erythema dose of x-rays and a week later a cancer graft was inoculated intracutaneously into the area and at the same time a like graft was inoculated in the same manner in the opposite groin protected from x-rays. The graft in the x-rayed area showed a low percentage of takes, while that in the normal skin gave the usual high percentage When the graft was introduced into the subcutaneous tissues it grew equally as well in the x-rayed area as in the protected area. Histological examination shows the skin layers, a few days after x-ray treatment, to be markedly infiltrated with round cells of the lymphoid type. The reaction did not extend deeper than the skin layers. It is suggested that this local lymphoid reaction induced by the x-rays controls the graft made into the skin, while its absence in deeper tissues accounts for the growth of the grafts more deeply implanted.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS

1921 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waro Nakahara ◽  
James B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Ray Effects ◽  
Lymphoid Proliferation ◽  
Marked Suppression

Mice treated with small doses of x-rays and inoculated with cancer immediately afterwards, show a marked suppression of lymphoid proliferation. If, however, the cancer inoculation is made 7 days after the exposure to x-rays, thus permitting the primary lymphoid stimulation known to occur soon after the x-ray treatment to arise, a second stimulation takes place in a large proportion of mice thus inoculated. Changes in the blood of mice x-rayed and inoculated with cancer 7 days afterwards show that the state of resistance to cancer inoculation is attended by blood lymphocytosis, as is the case in all other varieties of immunity to transplanted cancer so far studied.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS

1922 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waro Nakahara ◽  
James B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Small Dose ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Thin Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spark Gap ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ray Effects

A study has been made of the biological effect of a small dose of soft x-rays given off by a special water-cooled tube with a window of thin glass, operated at ½ inch spark-gap and 11 milliamperes. Mice exposed for 1 minute show 2 days later in the blood an increase in the number of lymphocytes and in the lymphoid organs an increased number of mitotic figures. There occurs also a marked dilatation of the vessels of the suprarenals, particularly between the cortex and medulla. The latter condition did not appear until after 24 hours and was still present 14 days after the treatment. No change was detected in other organs. Mice treated in this way showed a high degree of resistance to cancer transplants. The amount of resistance varied with the time of the inoculation after the treatment. The resistance was not increased before 3 days after and was at its highest point 10 days after the treatment.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS

1920 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waro Nakahara ◽  
James B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lymph Glands ◽  
Spark Gap ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Ray Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

A dose of x-rays governed by the following factors induces a stimulation of lymphoid tissue in mice: spark-gap ⅞ inch, milliamperage 25, distance 8 inches, time of exposure 10 minutes. Within 4 days after this dose there appeared an abnormally large number of mitotic figures in the lymphoid tissue of spleen and lymph glands, indicating an acceleration of the proliferative activity of the tissue.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS

1921 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432
Author(s):  
Waro Nakahara ◽  
James B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Refractory State ◽  
Ray Effects

A relatively increased degree of resistance in mice to a certain strain of transplantable cancer was demonstrated after treatment of animals with small doses of x-rays capable of stimulating lymphoid tissue. The refractory state induced was determinable 3 to 7 days after the dose of x-rays was given.

scholarly journals Factors that Govern the Sensitivity of Oat Seed to X-rays

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
C. L. González-Molina
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Relative Damage ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Ray Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Proportional Decrease

A series of experiments was performed designed to determine the relationship between hull covering and seed and germ size to X-ray sensitivity of oat seed of three varieties: Mo. 0-205, Simcoe, and Bonham. The seed contained approximately 14 and 20 percent of moisture and X-ray dosages of 40,000 and 30,000 r were used. The data indicated that: 1. Hull-coverings may or may not afford protection to the seed from X-rays. Both varieties and moisture content produced differential reactions. 2. Large seed were more affected by high X-ray dosages than were small ones. Larger seed have larger germs, exposing more area to X-ray effects. A decrease of germination and seedling vigor was obtained when large seed were exposed to radiation, although there was no indication of a proportional decrease between germ size and relative damage to seedlings from large and small seed. 3. Germination percentages of oat-seed lots receiving up to 40,000 r of X-rays were as good as those of the checks, when measured on blotters in a plant germinator, but seedling vigor was materially reduced. Lowered germination percentages noted in greenhouse experiments were probably due to insufficient vigor to grow through the soil on the part of many seedlings. Probably all of the X-ray effects at the dosages used were caused by decreases in seedling vigor. 4. Radicals and plumules of the seed were equally damaged by X-ray treatment.

Effects of X-rays on nerve-dependent (limb) and nerve-independent (jaw) regeneration in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
Richard L. Wertz ◽  
Donald J. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Notophthalmus Viridescens ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adult Newt ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Left Front ◽  
Newt Limb

The newt limb requires nerves for successful regeneration, but the jaw appears to be nerve independent. Among the current hypotheses for the regeneration-inhibitory action of X-rays is one proposing inactivation of nerves as the main cause. We decided to test this hypothesis by comparing the irradiation levels necessary for inhibition of limb and jaw regeneration. Jaws and left front limbs were exposed locally to doses of ionizing X-irradiation ranging from 250 to 2000 R at least 6 weeks prior to amputation of the jaw and both front limbs. After 90 days post-amputation all surviving animals were examined grossly for signs of regeneration. In addition, some of the controls and most of those receiving 250, 500 and 1000 R were processed for histological examination. All unirradiated limbs and jaws supported regeneration. Those exposed to 250 R also regenerated, but a third of the jaws were hypomorphic. At 500 R and above, neither jaws nor limbs regenerated. Since both systems were affected by similar doses of X-rays, it appears that nerves are not the primary X-ray target in adult newts.

scholarly journals THE MECHANISMS OF X-RAY EFFECTS ON CELLS

1942 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Sax
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chromosomal Alterations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nuclear Cycle ◽  
Ray Effects

Irradiation of Tradescantia microspores does not increase subsequent sensitivity to x-rays as measured by the frequency of induced chromosomal aberrations curing the nuclear cycle. The slight decrease in sensitivity is to be expected because acentric fragments are less sensitive than the centric chromosomes. The physiological effects of x-rays appear to be of minor importance in causing injury or death of individual cells, and most of the deleterious effects can be attributed to "direct hits" which produce chromosomal alterations. In the reaction of tissues to x-rays the physiological effects may play a more important part.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS

1919 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite M. Thomas ◽  
Herbert D. Taylor ◽  
William D. Witherbee
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spark Gap ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Ray Effects

This study consists of blood counts on nine rabbits after an exposure to x-rays of a 7/8 inch spark-gap, milliamperage 25, distance from the target 8 inches, and time of exposure 20 minutes. In seven of the nine animals there resulted an increase of the circulating lymphocytes. In five of these the increase was marked and in two others definite but not striking. Of the two animals which showed no stimulation one showed marked fluctuation of counts both before and after x-rays and the other little or no change. The higher penetrating dose (6 inch spark-gap, milliamperage 5, distance from the target 10 inches, time 26 minutes and 57 seconds) given to two animals produced no appreciable stimulation.

scholarly journals A novel mutation in TNFRSF11A gene causes pediatric osteopetrosis: case report

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
You Xu ◽  
Xiaoyan Yu ◽  
Mengjie Huang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Osteopetrosis is a rare inherited bone disorder affected individual by osteoclast disfunction and increasing bone density. Surgery was taken for histological examination of the specimen and evidence of malignancy was not found. Finally, X-ray and gene detection lead to the diagnosis. Case presentation We report a 10-year-old girl with two years history of pus rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction and smelly nose. She was diagnosed and treated as sinusitis. But the symptoms were recurrent. Ten months ago, she was afflicted with persistent swelling and broken skin on the right cheek. All the laboratory findings showed normal. During surgery, we resected the right gingiva, the right nasal mucosa and the right facial tissue for biopsies. Histological examination showed proliferation of granulation tissue in chronic inflammatory mucosa. X-rays showed generalized sclerosis. Genetic analysis strongly supported a novel mutation of TNFRSF11A gene which caused osteoporosis. We found a novel mutation of the c.1196C > G (p.S399X) in exon 9 of TNFRSF11A. The TNFRSF11A gene encodes RANK, which is fundamental for osteoclast formation. Conclusion Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic bone disease characterized by increased bone density because of bone resorption failure. Diagnosis is based on X-ray and gene analyze. Osteoclasts are bone-related cells derived from hematopoietic cell lines. Since osteoclasts arise from a hematopoietic progenitor cell of the monocytic lineage, the defect can be corrected by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Better understanding of this pathological situation and pathogenesis is so important to plan appropriate immunotherapy to benefit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document