THE INCUBATION PERIOD OF YELLOW FEVER IN THE MOSQUITO

1. The yellow fever virus was found in infectious form in Aedes ægypti throughout the entire period of the extrinsic incubation, as demonstrated by the injection of the bodies of mosquitoes into normal rhesus monkeys at daily intervals after the insects had fed on an infected animal. 2. The virus was transmitted through the bite of the mosquitoes, in one experiment on and after the 9th day, and in two experiments on the 12th day after the initial infecting feed. 3. The pathologic changes produced by the injection of the infected mosquitoes into normal monkeys during the extrinsic incubation were in every respect those of typical experimental yellow fever. 4. The monkeys withstand easily the subcutaneous injection of the mosquito emulsion. No acute inflammatory reaction was observed at the site of injection in any of the seventeen animals inoculated with this material in these three experiments.

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THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS TEMPERATURES IN MODIFYING THE EXTRINSIC INCUBATION PERIOD OF THE YELLOW FEVER VIRUS IN AËDES AEGYPTI*

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117853 ◽

1932 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 163-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

NELSON C. DAVIS

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Extrinsic Incubation Period

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POSSIBILITY OF HEREDITARY TRANSMISSION OF YELLOW FEVER VIRUS BY AEDES AEGYPTI (LINN.)

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.50.6.703 ◽

1929 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 703-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cornelius B. Philip

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

One Stage ◽

Negative Results ◽

Blood Meals

Attempts to obtain passage of yellow fever virus from one generation to the next in A. aegypti were unsuccessful. Subcutaneous injections at varying intervals of a saline emulsion of 200 eggs laid by an infective lot of mosquitoes produced no reaction in six normal M. rhesus monkeys. Negative results were also obtained in five biting and two injection experiments with progeny of the same infective lot of mosquitoes in which seven normal monkeys were used. The eggs consisted of batches laid after the first, second and fourth blood-meals of the original lot; the latter feeding occurred 41 days after the initial infecting meal. The imaginal offspring represented rearings following the first, second and fifth blood-meals of the parent lot. The last feeding occurred 54 days after the first. It is concluded that under the conditions of the experiments here reported hereditary transmission of yellow fever by A. aegypti is improbable. Variations in age and in number of blood-meals of parent and offspring mosquitoes had no effect in achieving passage of the virus from one stage of the insect to another.

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THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MARMOSETS TO YELLOW FEVER VIRUS

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.52.3.405 ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 405-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nelson C. Davis

Keyword(s):

Rhesus Monkey ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Temperature Reaction ◽

Human Beings

1. It has been possible to introduce yellow fever virus into the small Brazilian monkeys, Callithrix albicollis and Leontocebus ursulus, by the bites of infected mosquitoes and to carry the virus through a series of four passages in each species and back to rhesus monkeys by the bites of Stegomyia mosquitoes fed on the last marmoset of each series. 2. Five specimens of L. ursulus were used. Four developed fever, and all died during the experiments. At least two showed liver necroses comparable to those found in human beings and rhesus monkeys that died of yellow fever. 3. Twenty specimens of C. albicollis were used. Very few showed a temperature reaction following the introduction of virus. Of those that died, none had lesions typical of yellow fever as seen in certain other species of monkeys and in humans. 4. The convalescent serum from each of five C. albicollis protected a rhesus monkey against yellow fever virus, but the serum from a normal marmoset of the same species was found to be non-protective.

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Colonized Sabethes cyaneus, a Sylvatic New World Mosquito Species, Shows a Low Vector Competence for Zika Virus Relative to Aedes aegypti

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v10080434 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 434 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ajit K. Karna ◽

Sasha R. Azar ◽

Jessica A. Plante ◽

Rumei Yun ◽

Nikos Vasilakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Zika Virus ◽

New World ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Sylvatic Cycle ◽

Post Feeding ◽

Body Compartments

The introduction of Zika virus (ZIKV) to the Americas raised concern that the virus would spill back from human transmission, perpetuated by Aedes aegypti, into a sylvatic cycle maintained in wildlife and forest-living mosquitoes. In the Americas, Sabethes species are vectors of sylvatic yellow fever virus (YFV) and are therefore candidate vectors of a sylvatic ZIKV cycle. To test the potential of Sabethes cyaneus to transmit ZIKV, Sa. cyaneus and Ae. aegypti were fed on A129 mice one or two days post-infection (dpi) with a ZIKV isolate from Mexico. Sa. cyaneus were sampled at 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days post-feeding (dpf) and Ae. aegypti were sampled at 14 and 21 dpf. ZIKV was quantified in mosquito bodies, legs, and saliva to measure infection, dissemination, and potential transmission, respectively. Of 69 Sa. cyaneus that fed, ZIKV was detected in only one, in all body compartments, at 21 dpf. In contrast, at 14 dpf 100% of 20 Ae. aegypti that fed on mice at 2 dpi were infected and 70% had virus in saliva. These data demonstrate that Sa. cyaneus is a competent vector for ZIKV, albeit much less competent than Ae. aegypti.

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