scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF PROSTATIC SECRETION

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Huggins ◽  
Philip Johnson Clark
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Prostatic Enlargement ◽  
Androgenic Hormone ◽  
The Common ◽  
Marked Atrophy ◽  
Male Hormone

Cystic hyperplasia of the prostate occurs spontaneously in senile dogs only when they possess physiologically effective amounts of androgenic hormone. The cysts are closely grouped and radially arranged in a conical manner with the base of the cone at the periphery of the gland. Flattened and columnar epithelium, varying from about 5 to 25µ are seen in each cyst. The cysts communicate with the urethra by way of ducts. Both normal and cystic prostates undergo marked atrophy when the testes are removed, the chief difference 3 months after orchiectomy being the persistence of slightly dilated clefts and spaces at the site of the former cysts in the senile state. In the castrate dog whose prostate gland is being reconstructed as result of the influence of daily injections of androgen, certain doses of estrogen prevent increase of secretion and still larger doses greatly depress the output of the gland. In dogs so treated by daily injections of testosterone propionate, 10 mg., the amount of secretion is maintained from day to day at a level by daily injections of stilbestrol, 0.4 to 0.6 mg. and greatly depressed by doses of 1 to 1.5 mg. When the larger amounts of estrogen are used, together with androgen, squamous metaplasia occurs in the posterior lobe of the prostate while the epithelium of the acini decreases in height to cuboidal or low columnar form; these histological signs of activity of both androgen and estrogen on the prostate show that inhibition of the male hormone by stilbestrol is incomplete at these ratios. In dogs with either normal or cystic prostate glands, the prostate decreases in size when estrogen is injected in amounts to depress prostatic secretion profoundly. The gland is maintained in an atrophic state and overdosage avoided by controlled periodic injections of stilbestrol until secretion is reduced to the minimum, followed by free intervals, the estrogen being again administered when secretion measurably increases. The shrinkage is related to depression of male hormone production. Overdosage of estrogen causes the prostate gland of dogs to enlarge, and structures of the posterior lobe and utriculus respond first and most markedly with metaplasia caused by this material. The prostatic enlargement does not resemble the common cystic hyperplasia of senile dogs. Metaplasia rapidly disappears from the prostate, and the epithelial structures quickly return to normal when estrogen is discontinued and androgen is administered.

Unveiling the myths of M&A integration: challenging general management and consulting practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Bauer ◽  
Julia Hautz ◽  
Kurt Matzler
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Development ◽  
General Management ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Successful Integration

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to detect and challenge generally accepted management and consulting practice in Mergers & Acquisitions (M&As). M&As have been an important issue in strategic management and corporate development for decades. The integration process of two separate entities has been found to be of importance, and has, accordingly, received a significant amount of attention by research, management and consulting literature. Based on these insights, managers tend to rely on well-established and generally accepted rules developed by practice and consultants that should support a successful integration process and the generation of value. Nonetheless, M&As’ efforts still often fail to create value. So is the common practice of the established drivers and beneficial consequences of the integration of M&As right, or do the experiences of consultants, companies and managers reveal something different? Design/methodology/approach – To understand these challenges, the authors spent four years studying M&A projects and subsequent integration processes of more than 400 companies that engaged in M&A efforts. The data derived from four survey-based quantitative studies among more than 430 CEOs, CFOs and other senior managers in the field of M&As and personal interviews that were conducted to get in-depth insights. Findings – This extensive research on the efforts and projects of M&As over many years and including many companies reveals that successful integration processes are complex, social and culturally dependent endeavors and that the application of commonly accepted and established principles oversimplifies and disregards the interdependencies. Originality/value – The present paper unveils four established principles concerning the successful integration after M&As as tenacious myths and provides more differentiated insights into value-destroying and value-creating mechanisms in M&As.

VARIATION, SEXUAL DIMORPHISM, AND MATURITY IN A QUEBEC POPULATION OF THE COMMON SNAPPING TURTLE, CHELYDRA SERPENTINA

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Mosimann ◽  
J. Roger Bider
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Length ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Chelydra Serpentina ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Males And Females

An analysis was made of a sample of 55 snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina, from a single locality in southern Quebec. The variation studied is regarded as being representative of that of a single population of the species. Analysis of covariance was used in studying dimorphism in various measurements. Conclusions reached are: (a) the sex ratio is one; (b) males grow to a larger size than females; (c) males and females become mature at a carapace length of about 200 millimeters; (d) the ratio precloacal distance over posterior lobe of the plastron gives a practical index for sex determination in adults; (e) there is a set of small but interrelated changes correlated with a greater precloacal distance in the male: These are that males have the plastron shifted forward slightly, have the bridge slightly longer relative to plastron length, and have the posterior lobe of the plastron slightly shorter relative to plastron length; (f) the precloacal length of the male (which area accommodates the penis) grows relatively faster than carapace length; the precloacal length of the female grows at the same relative rate as carapace length; (g) there is virtually no dimorphism in shell dimensions nor in head width.

Quantitative studies on Heterakis gallinarum infections in the common fowl, Gallus gallus L.

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. M. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACTThe fertility, mortality, and migration patterns of Heterakis gallinarum were studied in chickens with concomitant Parahistomonas wenrichi infections. H. gallinarum females were found to produce approximately 936 ova per day, when 50 days of age, and a total of 34,000 to 86,000 ova in a lifetime. There was no evidence of differential mortality between the sexes, nor of a preference for either the left or the right caecal organ of chickens. Both male and female worms are capable of migrating between caeca, and are especially prone to do so when in the absence of individuals of the opposite sex.

Enzymatic preparation of Crassostrea oyster peptides and their promoting effect on male hormone production

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 113382
Author(s):  
Wanwan Zhang ◽  
Yifang Wei ◽  
Xiaoxiao Cao ◽  
Kaixin Guo ◽  
Qiangqiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Preparation ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Crassostrea Oyster ◽  
Male Hormone

Ultrastructural morphology of the dorsal lobe of the prostate gland in cadmium and zinc-treated rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 746-747
Author(s):  
Z.M. Bataineh ◽  
N. Hailat ◽  
S. Lafi ◽  
I. Bani Hani
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Dorsal Lobe ◽  
Ultrastructural Morphology ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Lateral Portion

We have demonstrated in previous study that the nucli of the cells of the posterior lobe of the prostate gland sequesters less zinc in cadmium and zinc treated rats compared to the normal ones. In this study we will evaluate if the variation in the nuclear zinc concentration is associated with a concomitant variation in ultrastructural morphology. Two groups of animals were injected with 2mg/kg and 10 mg/kg cadmium chloride and zinc sulfate, respectively. Another group served as control. Dorsal lobe of the prostate gland from the three groups were prepared for conventional E.M study. Grids were examined and photographed by Hitachi-700 electron microscope.Figure (1) shows prostatic cells from the posterior lobe of the prostate gland of a normal rat. The rough endoplasmic reticulum form a narrow continuous cisternae, most abundant at the lateral portion of the cell and sometimes acquired whorl-shaped appearance. Well-developed Golgi apparatus with abundant secretory vesicles are shown.

BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PROSTATES IN CASTRATED DOGS AFTER TREATMENT WITH ANDROSTANEDIOL, OESTRADIOL AND CYPROTERONE ACETATE

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Tunn ◽  
Th. Senge ◽  
B. Schenck ◽  
F. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prostatic Enlargement ◽  
Glandular Atrophy ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function ◽  
Prostatic Ducts

ABSTRACT The effect of cyproterone acetate (CA) on experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the castrated dog was investigated. BPH was induced by 6 months' treatment with 3α-androstanediol (3α-diol) alone and in combination with 17β-oestradiol (Oe2). RNA, DNA and zinc content of the glands were determined in addition to histological examination and measurement of the prostates. Two different types of prostatic enlargement were observed. First, 3α-diol induced typical diffuse canine hyperplasia with replacement of functional activity. DNA, RNA and the zinc content of total glands were increased compared with intact controls. Second, 3α-diol plus Oe2 produced on the one hand a more striking increase of prostatic weights, but on the other a loss of typical morphological structure and function. Histologically, transformation of simple glandular epithelium into stratified squamous metaplasia occurred in addition to stimulation of fibromuscular tissue. Biochemically, a relative decrease of DNA per mg tissue was measured with a fall in the RNA to DNA ratio and zinc to the values of castrates. Administration of CA resulted in an abolition of the 3α-diol effect. Biochemical determinations and histological examinations revealed an effect similar to castration after treatment with 3α-diol plus CA. After treatment with 3α-diol plus Oe2 plus CA fibromuscular stimulation as an oestrogen effect predominated in addition to glandular atrophy and metaplastic changes, especially in prostatic ducts. Epithelial hyperplasia is an effect of 3α-diol, whereas metaplastic proliferation only occurs in oestrogenized and androgenized dogs. In both types of prostatic enlargement CA prevents development of hyperplastic prostate.

Finding the Truth in Medical Imaging: Painting the Picture of Appropriateness for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Vanderby ◽  
Juan Nicolás Peña-Sánchez ◽  
Neil Kalra ◽  
Paul Babyn
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Canadian Studies ◽  
Imaging Appropriateness ◽  
The Common

Background Questions about the appropriateness of medical imaging exams, particularly related to magnetic resonance exams, have arisen in recent years. However, the prevalence of inappropriate imaging in Canada is unclear as inappropriate exam proportion estimates are often based on studies from other countries. Hence, we sought to compare and summarize Canadian studies related to magnetic resonance imaging appropriateness. Methods We completed a systematic literature search identifying studies related to magnetic resonance appropriateness in Canada published between 2003 and 2013. Two researchers independently searched and evaluated the literature available. Articles that studied or discussed magnetic resonance appropriateness in Canada were selected based on titles, abstracts, and, where necessary, full article review. Articles relating solely to other modalities or countries were excluded, as were imaging appropriateness guidelines and reviews. Results Fourteen articles were included: 8 quantitative studies and 6 editorials/commentaries. The quantitative studies reported inappropriate proportions of magnetic resonance exams ranging from 2%-28.5%. Our review also revealed substantial variations among study methods and analyses. Common topics identified among editorials/commentaries included reasons for obtaining imaging in general and for selecting a specific modality, consequences of inappropriate imaging, factors contributing to demand, and suggested means of mitigating inappropriate medical imaging use. Conclusions The available studies do not support the common claim that 30% of medical imaging exams in Canada are inappropriate. The actual proportion of inappropriate magnetic resonance exams has not yet been established conclusively in Canada. Further research, particularly on a widespread national scale, is needed to guide healthcare policies.

scholarly journals Developmental origin and maintenance of distinct testicular macrophage populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 214 (10) ◽  
pp. 2829-2841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noushin Mossadegh-Keller ◽  
Rebecca Gentek ◽  
Gregory Gimenez ◽  
Sylvain Bigot ◽  
Sebastien Mailfert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Macrophage Population ◽  
Developmental Origin ◽  
Genetic Lineage Tracing ◽  
Macrophage Populations ◽  
Male Hormone

Testicular macrophages (tMφ) are the principal immune cells of the mammalian testis. Beyond classical immune functions, they have been shown to be important for organogenesis, spermatogenesis, and male hormone production. In the adult testis, two different macrophage populations have been identified based on their distinct tissue localization and morphology, but their developmental origin and mode of homeostatic maintenance are unknown. In this study, we use genetic lineage–tracing models and adoptive transfer protocols to address this question. We show that embryonic progenitors give rise to the interstitial macrophage population, whereas peritubular macrophages are exclusively seeded postnatally in the prepuberty period from bone marrow (BM)–derived progenitors. As the proliferative capacity of interstitial macrophages declines, BM progenitors also contribute to this population. Once established, both the peritubular and interstitial macrophage populations exhibit a long life span and a low turnover in the steady state. Our observations identify distinct developmental pathways for two different tMφ populations that have important implications for the further dissection of their distinct roles in organ homeostasis and testicular function.

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