scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE NUTRITION OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Hoagland ◽  
S. M. Ward ◽  
Helena Gilder ◽  
Robert E. Shank
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Peptone Medium

The metabolic activity of H. influenzae can be followed quantitatively by measurement of the nitrite produced in a medium containing 0.2 per cent potassium or sodium nitrate. When X-factor, or hemin, and other specific substances required for the optimum growth of H. influenzae, are present in excess, the nitrite produced by this organism is quantitatively related to the concentration of V-factor, or total coenzyme. This quantitative relationship has been demonstrated for five strains of H. influenzae. It has been shown that various media, which in the past have been used for the determination of coenzyme by growth of H. influenzae, have in many instances been deficient in X-factor and that this substance rather than coenzyme has been the specific factor limiting growth. When 0.5 per cent blood is added to a basal proteose-peptone medium the specific requirements for optimum growth and metabolic activity of H. influenzae, other than coenzyme, are met, and a large number of specific biocatalysts and nutritive substances added to this medium are without effect in stimulating further growth. The foregoing studies have formed the basis for a quantitative method for the determination of total coenzyme in blood and tissue. This method is being described elsewhere.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF TERUBUK FARMING (SACCHARUM EDULE HASSKARL) IN SUBDISTRICT TOSA DISTRICT OF EAST TIDORE OF TIDORE ISLAND

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwandi S. Sangadji
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Revenue Production

The purpose of this researchment is to ascertain how wide the farming of species Saccharun Edule Hasskarl (terubuk) in sub district Tosa, district of East Tidore of Tidore Island through the indicator of the value revenue, production and selling prices so that the farmers will achieve The Break Event Point (BEP). The research method was used a quantitative method with the number of samples of 30 people. The determination of the sample method is using the census method or involving all members of the population into a sample of researchment. The secondary data collection was done by using library literature in the form of document review and relevant references to research object while primary data collection was done by using questionnaire. The data is using equation R /C Ratio, BEP Revenue, BEP Price, and BEP Production. Therefore from the results of the researchment it can be explained that the two of the thirty farmers come through the break event point, while the other twenty-eight farmers declared having a business that worth to be develop or experiencing profit, because the R/C ratio is above 1.0 with average profit reach Rp. 989.000, - per production / farmer.

Determination of Caffeine and its Metabolites in Saliva and Urine as a Measure of CYP1A2 Metabolic Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Turjap ◽  
Ondrej Zendulka ◽  
Zdenek Glatz ◽  
Stanislav Brejcha ◽  
Ales Madr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity

Crime and Punishment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Adelstein
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Supreme Court Case

This chapter elaborates the operation of criminal liability by closely considering efficient crimes and the law’s stance toward them, shows how its commitment to proportional punishment prevents the probability scaling that systemically efficient allocation requires, and discusses the procedures that determine the actual liability prices imposed on offenders. Efficient crimes are effectively encouraged by proportional punishment, and their nature and implications are examined. But proportional punishment precludes probability scaling, and induces far more than the systemically efficient number of crimes. Liability prices that match the specific costs imposed by the offender at bar are sought through a two-stage procedure of legislative determination of punishment ranges ex ante and judicial determination of exact prices ex post, which creates a dilemma: whether to price crimes accurately in the past or deter them accurately in the future. An illustrative Supreme Court case bringing all these themes together is discussed in conclusion.

Sampling, Preservation and Counting of Samples II: Zooplankton

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Wiebe ◽  
Ann Bucklin ◽  
Mark Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Sample Preservation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plankton Collection

This chapter reviews traditional and new zooplankton sampling techniques, sample preservation, and sample analysis, and provides the sources where in-depth discussion of these topics is addressed. The net systems that have been developed over the past 100+ years, many of which are still in use today, can be categorized into eight groups: non-opening/closing nets, simple opening/closing nets, high-speed samplers, neuston samplers, planktobenthos plankton nets, closing cod-end samplers, multiple net systems, and moored plankton collection systems. Methods of sample preservation include preservation for sample enumeration and taxonomic morphological analysis, and preservation of samples for genetic analysis. Methods of analysis of zooplankton samples include determination of biomass, taxonomic composition, and size by traditional methods; and genetic analysis of zooplankton samples.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid (MAA) Pattern of the Salt Marsh Red Alga Bostrychia scorpioides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Maria Orfanoudaki ◽  
Anja Hartmann ◽  
Julia Mayr ◽  
Félix L. Figueroa ◽  
Julia Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Diode Array Detector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Species

This study presents the validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for the determination of different mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the red alga Bostrychia scorpioides. The investigated MAAs, named bostrychines, have only been found in this specific species so far. The developed HPLC-DAD method was successfully applied for the quantification of the major MAAs in Bostrychia scorpioides extracts, collected from four different countries in Europe showing only minor differences between the investigated samples. In the past, several Bostrychia spp. have been reported to include cryptic species, and in some cases such as B. calliptera, B. simpliciuscula, and B. moritziana, the polyphyly was supported by differences in their MAA composition. The uniformity in the MAA composition of the investigated B. scorpioides samples is in agreement with the reported monophyly of this Bostrychia sp.

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