Sun-Dried Bilimbi (Averrhoa Bilimbi L) as an Additional Income For Housewives In Ujong Tanoh Darat Village, Meureubo Sub-District, Aceh Barat Regency, Aceh

This study aims to calculate the additional amount of housewife income in Ujong Tanoh Darat Village, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency as a producer of sun-dried bilimbi. Respondents in this study were ten producers in Ujong Tanoh Darat Village. Data collection techniques by observing and interviewing in detail related to the analysis of sun-dried bilimbi producer income. The data analysis method uses cost analysis, production revenue, production income, and revenue cost ratio (R / C). From the results of data processing in this study, it found that the average income earned by producers was Rp.300,550 per cycle, the average producer income was Rp. 602,000 per cycle and the average production cost incurred by producers is Rp.301,499 per cycle, and the R per C ratio obtained is 1.9, greater than 1 meaning the sun-dried bilimbi producer business in Ujong Tanoh Darat Village, Meureubo District West Aceh is feasible.

Impacts of increased house advantages on reel slots

Purpose This study aims to examine how differences in the casino advantage (i.e. price) of otherwise identical slot machines affect their revenue production, when the price is hidden from the players. The study aims to identify the ability of players to recognize differences in the concealed prices of paired machines, over time. Both items are paramount to slot revenue optimization. Design/methodology/approach Using 274 daily observations, paired-samples t-tests examined whether live performance metrics were affected by the differences in the casino advantage (namely, par) of the paired games. Time-series regression analyses were conducted to understand whether players shifted their play away from the high-par games, over time. Findings The results indicated that increased casino advantages produced increased revenue, with no evidence of diminished play on the high-par games. Practical implications The results contradicted the inveterate wisdom of the industry by demonstrating that players are not hypersensitive to increased prices/pars, and that such increases can actually lead to increased revenue, despite egregious par gaps. Originality/value Added valuable results to a nascent research stream aimed at understanding the effects of obfuscated price/pars. Expanded the gaming literature by increasing the differences in the prices/pars of paired game titles over an increased sample period. Both conditions increased the chances of observing changes in revenue performance, and play migration to the low-par game. Both manipulations have been previously cited as meaningful extensions of the literature.

Human development without democratic accountability: how regressive taxation contributes to human development through state capacity

State revenue production since the third wave of democratization contrasts sharply with the experiences of the first and second waves of democratization. The late democratizers tend to adopt and raise revenue from a regressive tax on consumption (the value-added tax: VAT), which is more compatible with economic development in global markets but is considered as unequal taxation. How does the weak redistributive (i.e., regressive) effect of this form of taxation affect the welfare of people? We build on the conventional wisdom that democratic accountability through multiparty contestation improves human development. Focused on taxation, we argue that an increasing state financial capacity contributes to an increase in human development, even when electoral contestation is absent. Empirical analyses employed a reduction in infant mortality as an indicator for the improvement of human development and demonstrate the counter-intuitive effect of the VAT on human development. Despite the effect of weak redistribution, the VAT contributes to human development in countries with less democratic accountability. The results also show that the state's financial capacity to secure tax compliance, rather than a mere increase in tax revenue, intervenes critically in such development in countries since the third wave. We conclude that the increased state financial capacity with regressive taxation is expected to promote human development in newly emerging democratic states.

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF TERUBUK FARMING (SACCHARUM EDULE HASSKARL) IN SUBDISTRICT TOSA DISTRICT OF EAST TIDORE OF TIDORE ISLAND

The purpose of this researchment is to ascertain how wide the farming of species Saccharun Edule Hasskarl (terubuk) in sub district Tosa, district of East Tidore of Tidore Island through the indicator of the value revenue, production and selling prices so that the farmers will achieve The Break Event Point (BEP). The research method was used a quantitative method with the number of samples of 30 people. The determination of the sample method is using the census method or involving all members of the population into a sample of researchment. The secondary data collection was done by using library literature in the form of document review and relevant references to research object while primary data collection was done by using questionnaire. The data is using equation R /C Ratio, BEP Revenue, BEP Price, and BEP Production. Therefore from the results of the researchment it can be explained that the two of the thirty farmers come through the break event point, while the other twenty-eight farmers declared having a business that worth to be develop or experiencing profit, because the R/C ratio is above 1.0 with average profit reach Rp. 989.000, - per production / farmer.

THE VALUE CHAIN OF FISH FOR FLOATING CAGES AND POND TECHNIQUES IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE

The fish sector is considered an important component of the economies of many countries in the world including Arab countries . This work is considered as the first attempt to study value chain for fish in Iraq. The objective of this study is to identify the main problems and constraints facing different channels or links the value chain of fish, and to analyse revenue, production costs, and to calculate some quantitative indicators like value added . The results showed that average value added of the different links are amount: 22.13dinars/kg, 1007.7 dinar/kg, 242.9 dinar/kg and 1023.5 dinars/kg from each links hatcheries, producers, wholesalers and retailers , the results also showed that the share of different links from value chain for average value additionrs as follows : 0.96% for hatcheries link , 43.8% for producer link , 10.6% for wholesalers link and 44.6% for retailers link. While cages producers added 68.5% from average value added it is amount 2796. 9 dinar/ kg on level techniques of floating cages . The study also identifis the main challenges and problems facing each link in chain value and forward the suitable solution and recommendation for government Authorities and private sector in order to increase the efficiency of fish in Iraq .

THE VALUE CHAIN OF FISH TECHNIQUES OF FLOATING CAGES AND PONDS IN DEUANYA PROVINCE

The fish sector is considered an important component of the economies of many countries in the world including Arab countries. It is also considered an important component of food security. This work is considered as the first attempt to study value chain for fish in Iraq. The objective of this study is to identify the main problems and constrains facing different links in the value chain of fish, and to analyse revenue, production costs, and to calculate some quantitative indicators like value added. The results showed that average value added of the different links is amount to: 22.2dinars/kg , 2012.7 dinar/kg, 109.3 dinar/kg, 872.3 dinars/kg from each links hatcheries, producers, wholesalers and retailers. The results also showed that the share of different links from value chain for average total value additionrs as follows: 0.73% for hatcheries link, 66.7% for producer link , 3.6% for wholesalers link, and 28.9% for retailers link. While cages producers added 65.5% from average value added it is amount to 2912. 7 dinar/ kg; on the level techniques cages floating. The study also identifis the main challenges and problems facing each link in chain value and forward the suitable solution and recommendation for government authorities and private sector in order to increase the efficiency of fish in Iraq.