scholarly journals TOLERANCE TO BACTERIAL PYROGENS

1947 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Beeson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Febrile Reaction ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

In a study of the febrile responses of rabbits to repeated intravenous injections of pyrogenic substances from Eberthella typhosa, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the following observations were made: 1. A characteristic pattern of response to daily injections of the same dose of pyrogenic material was noted. This consisted of a progressive diminution in febrile response during the 1st week or 10 days, after which an animal responded to each injection with approximately the same degree of fever, even when the injections were continued for several weeks. 2. Animals given injections of the same amount of pyrogenic material at semiweekly or weekly intervals showed some diminution in febrile reaction but the alteration was less pronounced than that in animals injected every day. 3. Pyrogen tolerance appeared to be lost quickly. Animals allowed to rest for approximately 3 weeks reacted to readministration of pyrogen with fever comparable with that which occurred after the first injection. 4. By gradually increasing the size of the daily dose of pyrogen a tolerance could be established such that a reduced, but still considerable, amount of pyrogen caused no fever whatever. 5. Rabbits that had been injected with S. marcescens or Ps. aeruginosa pyrogens showed a diminished febrile response to E. typhosa vaccine. 6. Passive transfer of the unresponsiveness to pyrogens could not be demonstrated. 7. Prevention of temperature elevations during the course of immunization by use of an antipyretic drug did not interfere with the development of tolerance to pyrogens. 8. A series of mechanically induced bouts of fever did not reduce the responsiveness to bacterial pyrogens.

THE POTENTIAL OF BACTERIA FOR THE MICROBIAL CONTROL OF GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (S171) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zelazny ◽  
M.S. Goettel ◽  
B. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
The Many

AbstractBacteria have been implicated in disease epizootics observed in field populations and laboratory-reared locusts and grasshoppers. Two species [Serratia marcescens Bizio and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula] consistently infect locusts when ingested with food and can spread in laboratory populations. However, research on developing these organisms for microbial control of locusts and grasshoppers begun in the 1950s has not been continued. In recent years strains of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner have been studied for activity against locusts and grasshoppers. Results of additional trials by the authors are reported. Among 393 B. thuringiensis isolates and 93 preparations of other sporeforming bacteria fed to nymphs of Locusta migratoria (L.) and/or Schistocerca gregaria Forsk., none has shown any pathogenicity to the insects. The recent discovery of novel B. thuringiensis strains active against various diverse pests and the many properties of a sporeforming bacterium that satisfy the requirements for a microbial control agent, and the development of Serratia entomophila as a promising agent for control of grass grubs, provide incentive to continue the search for an orthopteran-active sporeforming bacterium and to re-investigate the potential of non-sporeforming bacterial pathogens as microbial control agents of grasshoppers and locusts.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER WITH INFLUENZAL VIRUSES

1958 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha Atkins ◽  
Wei Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Endogenous Pyrogen ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

A substance with pyrogenic properties appears in the blood streams of rabbits made febrile by the intravenous inoculation of the PR8 strain of influenza A and Newcastle disease viruses (NDV). By means of a technique involving passive transfer of sera from animals given virus to recipient rabbits, the titer of circulating pyrogen was found to be closely correlated with the course of fever produced by virus. Certain properties of the pyrogen are described which differentiate it from the originally injected virus and suggest that the induced pyrogen is of endogenous origin. These properties resemble those of endogenous pyrogens occurring in other forms of experimental fever. The source of virus-induced pyrogen is unknown. In vitro incubation of virus with various constituents of the circulation did not result in the appearance of endogenous pyrogen. Granulocytopenia induced by HN2 failed to influence either fever or the production of endogenous pyrogen in rabbits injected with NDV. Similarly, the intraperitoneal inoculation of NDV into prepared exudates did not modify the febrile response. These findings do not lend support to the possibility that the polymorphonuclear leukocyte is a significant source of endogenous pyrogen in virus-induced fever. It is concluded that the liberation of an endogenous pyrogen from some as yet undefined source is an essential step in the pathogenesis of fever caused by the influenza group of viruses.

scholarly journals OS PRINCIPAIS FATORES DE RISCO DA PNEUMONIA ASSOCIADA À VENTILAÇÃO MECÂNICA EM UTI ADULTA.

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Janice Barbieri Costa ◽  
Alessandro Alessandro Lima Costa Lima ◽  
Fernanda Torres ◽  
Antônia de Fátima Galdino da Silva ◽  
André Tomaz Terra Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

A pneumonia é uma inflamação do parênquima pulmonar causada por diversos agentes etiológicos, as pneumonias hospitalares são causadas principalmente por Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus. A pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAVM) é considerada a infecção nosocomial mais frequente em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) e é definida como uma inflamação do parênquima pulmonar, que aparece após 48 a 72 horas da intubação endotraqueal e do inicio da ventilação mecânica. O objetivo desse trabalho foi demonstrar os principais fatores de risco para a aquisição da PAVM. A pesquisa de revisão literária se deu através de base de dados, como PubMed e Bireme, LILACS, SciELO, o período de publicação compreenderam os anos de 1998 á 2013. A PAVM possui alguns fatores de risco, que são classificados em modificáveis ou não modificáveis.  Alguns exemplos desses fatores de risco não modificáveis são: idade, gravidade da doença de base, Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC). E os fatores modificáveis alguns exemplos são: educação continuada dos profissionais sobre os fatores de risco, o estabelecimento de protocolos que evitem o uso indiscriminado de antibióticos. Conclui-se através dessa revisão literária que a maioria dos pacientes internados em UTI está em ventilação mecânica (VM) e que nos pacientes intubados, a incidência de pneumonia é de 7 a 21 vezes mais elevado em relação àqueles que não necessitam de ventiladores e por isso são necessárias medidas preventivas.

scholarly journals A Selective, Dual Emission β-Alanine Aminopeptidase Activated Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, and Serratia marcescens

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Váradi ◽  
Elias Y. Najib ◽  
David E. Hibbs ◽  
John D. Perry ◽  
Paul W. Groundwater
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Dual Emission ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Alanine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Alanyl Aminopeptidase ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Flavone Derivative

Selective detection of β-alanyl aminopeptidase (BAP)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Burkholderia cepacia was achieved by employing the blue-to-yellow fluorescent transition of a BAP-specific enzyme substrate, 3-hydroxy-2-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)flavone derivative, incorporating a self-immolative linker to β-alanine. Upon cellular uptake and accumulation of the substrate by viable bacterial colonies, blue fluorescence was generated, while hydrolysis of the N-terminal peptide bond by BAP resulted in the elimination of the self-immolative linker and the restoration of the original fluorescence of the flavone derivative.

scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON PASSIVE TRANSFER OF TOLERANCE TO PYROGENICITY OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN

1960 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry H. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxin ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Long Term Treatment

The effect of various schedules for inducing tolerance to bacterial endotoxin in donor rabbits upon suitability for demonstration of passive transfer of tolerance to pyrogenicity in normal recipients has been investigated. Long-term treatment of donors, through 5 weeks, is no more effective than a brief series of injections, adding further evidence that tolerance is not attributable to specific antibody to the endotoxin. Qualitative differentiation of the febrile pattern of passively tolerant recipients from that seen in control animals depends upon the magnitude of the test dose of pyrogen. Passively tolerant rabbits respond to endotoxin with an acute leucopenia equivalent to that seen in controls suffering a full biphasic fever. Animals given daily injections of endotoxin continue to show the acute leucopenia, despite the early modification of the course of fever characteristic of endotoxin tolerance. The assumption that the leucopenia reflects damage to the leucocytes, with release of endogenous pyrogen, is not consistent with these findings. Rabbits rendered leucopenic by nitrogen mustard and then given endotoxin exhibit a rapidly developing fever of greater than normal intensity, the exaggeration of the febrile response being proportional to the severity of the induced leucopenia. The implications of these findings for the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced fever are discussed. The evidence supports the hypothesis that endotoxin produces fever by direct action rather than by release of endogenous leucocytic pyrogen. It is postulated that the lesser fever, in animals having normal numbers of circulating leucocytes, reflects a limitation of available endotoxin by the known rapid sequestration in the white blood cells at the time of the acute leucopenia. It is further suggested that the biphasic febrile response of the normal rabbit results from reinoculation of the blood stream by the temporarily sequestered endotoxin, the RES of the tolerant animal clearing the released endotoxin at a rate sufficient to prevent triggering the second phase of fever.

Effects of protease inhibitors on growth of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Miyagawa ◽  
Norikazu Nishino ◽  
Ryuji Kamata ◽  
Ryo-ichi Okamura ◽  
Hiroshi Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Protease Inhibitors

scholarly journals PASSIVE TRANSFER OF TOLERANCE TO PYROGENICITY OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN

1960 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry H. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Endotoxin Tolerance ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxin ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Altered Response ◽  
Prior Administration

The typical febrile response of normal rabbits given bacterial endotoxin intravenously may be modified by prior administration of plasma or, less effectively, serum of endotoxin-tolerant donors. This altered response is characterized by disappearance of the second rise in fever and by a striking reduction in fever index. It thus resembles the course of fever shown by rabbits made tolerant to endotoxin by one or more previous daily doses. This transfer of tolerance by plasma or serum depends critically upon the manner in which tolerance is induced in the donors. The plasma of donor rabbits made tolerant, then given an RES-blocking dose of carbon, still confers tolerance upon normal recipient rabbits. Such donors have lost their tolerance and are highly sensitive to endotoxin at the time their blood is taken. The implications of these findings for endotoxin tolerance and for transfer of this phenomenon are discussed. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that both tolerance and its transfer are based upon RES function and are independent of antibody.

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