Differences of Enzymatic Activity During Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge Mixed With Straw Pellets

The study aims were focused on profiling eight hydrolytic enzymes by fluorescence method using a multifunctional modular reader and studying the proportion of basic microorganism groups during composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge mixed with straw pellets in several proportions (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The greatest decrease in enzymatic activity occurred in the first half of composting and vermicomposting. After 4 months of these processes, the least enzymatic activity was observed in the sludge with 50% and also 25% straw addition, indicating that straw is an important means for the rapid production of mature compost from sewage sludge. Enzymatic activity was usually less in the presence of earthworms than in the control treatment because some processes took place in the digestive tract of the earthworm. For the same reason, we observed reduced enzyme activity during fresh feedstock vermicomposting than precomposted material. The final vermicompost from fresh feedstocks exhibited less microbial biomass, and few fungi and G− bacteria compared to precomposted feedstock. The enzymatic activity during composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge and their mixtures stabilized at the following values: β-D-glucosidase—50 μmol MUFG/h/g dw, acid phosphatase—200 μmol MUFP/h/g dw, arylsulphatase—10 μmol MUFS/h/g dw, lipase—1,000 μmol MUFY/h/g dw, chitinase—50 μmol MUFN/h/g dw, cellobiohydrolase—20 μmol MUFC/h/g dw, alanine aminopeptidase—50 μmol AMCA/h/g dw, and leucine aminopeptidase—50 μmol AMCL/h/g dw. At these and lesser values, these final products can be considered mature and stable.

Lysosomal or brush border enzymuria in kidney enzyme activities in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction: To determine the effects of non-treated seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on proximal renal tubule, sensitivity of Alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), g-glutamyltransferase (g--GT), β2 microglobulin in urine β2M), as well as relation with rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-Reactive protein (CRP), DAS 28 disease activity index. Methods: RF was determined by agglutination test (Latex RF test, while kinetic methods were used for determination of Alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and g-glutamyltransferase (g-GT), as well as MEIA (Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay) to determine β2 microglobulin in urine. Samples (serum and urine) of 70 participants were examined (35 RA not treated, 35 health control group). Results: In 35 RF negative RA, AAP enzymuria was present in 12 (34.28%) patients, g-GT was present in 7 patients (20%), while β2 microglobulin was present in 3 patients (8.57%). In the healthy control group, 4 patients showed AAP positivity (11.42%), 2 patients g-GT positivity (5.71%) and 1 patient showed presence of β2 microglobulin in urine (2.85). RF was not present in any patient (0%). Conclusion: AAP has a higher sensitivity of g-GT and b2 microglobulin in the detection of asymptomatic renal lesions in non treated seronegative RA.

Morphofunctional change small intestine in patients with ulcer disease

The current course of diseases of the digestive system is characterized by a multi-system pathology. The long-term existence of isolated diseases of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract is impossible: the pathology of some organs of a single functional system affects the development of the pathology of other organs.Purpose. To study the features of intestinal digestion in patients with peptic ulcer.Material and methods. 152 patients with peptic ulcer who were hospitalized in the gastroenterological department of Mordovian Republican Clinical Hospital were examined in 2011–2017. The main indicators of intestinal digestion by the activity of intestinal enzymes were studied.Results. Symptoms of impaired intestinal function are observed in 47 % of patients with peptic ulcer disease. In their development, a violation of membrane hydrolytic processes, which were expressed as a decrease (p < 0.05) in the activity of the main intestinal enzymes of maltase in 74 %, alanine aminopeptidase – 73 %, alkaline phosphatase – 62 %, glycyl-L-leucindipeptidase and protein – 37 % (p < 0.01).Conclusions. With peptic ulcer, the processes of membrane intestinal digestion are disrupted, which contributes to the development of clinical symptoms of a violation of the basic functions of the small intestine.

A Selective, Dual Emission β-Alanine Aminopeptidase Activated Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, and Serratia marcescens

Selective detection of β-alanyl aminopeptidase (BAP)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Burkholderia cepacia was achieved by employing the blue-to-yellow fluorescent transition of a BAP-specific enzyme substrate, 3-hydroxy-2-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)flavone derivative, incorporating a self-immolative linker to β-alanine. Upon cellular uptake and accumulation of the substrate by viable bacterial colonies, blue fluorescence was generated, while hydrolysis of the N-terminal peptide bond by BAP resulted in the elimination of the self-immolative linker and the restoration of the original fluorescence of the flavone derivative.

Evaluation Activity of Alanine Aminopeptidase (AAP) in Patients with Renal Dialysis, Purification and Isolation of Isoenzymes

Chronic renal failure is the progressive loss of function of kidney and patient requires a long treatment in the form of renal replacement therapy. Alanine aminopeptidase activity has been assayed in (70) patient’s sera samples of both sexes, aged (25-70) years. The sample were divided in to two groups, the first group(G1) is of (35) samples before dialysis. The second group(G2) is of (35) samples after dialysis, as well as (30) sample of healthy as control group(C). The result showed a significant increase (p> 0.001) in general in the enzyme Alanine aminopeptidase in the serum of chronic renal failure patients (116.0±3.4) U/L while the efficacy rate is (105.5±3.4) U/L in healthy persons. Goal of the research was partial purified of enzyme from sera patients with chronic renal failure. by using two techniques: The first gel filtration chromatography packed with spadix G50 and giving 3.45% yield and 0.964-fold purification. Two isoenzymes were obtained by using ion exchange chromatography and the purity degree of isoenzymes were 0.687(1.08%) and 2.539(1.04%) fold respectively. Also, the results showed a single band for isoenzymes following steps.