scholarly journals Catecholamines are key modulators of ventricular repolarization patterns in the ball python (Python regius)

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastiaan J.D. Boukens ◽  
William Joyce ◽  
Ditte Lind Kristensen ◽  
Ingeborg Hooijkaas ◽  
Aldo Jongejan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Ventricular Repolarization ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
Python Regius ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Wave Inversion ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Ectothermic vertebrates experience daily changes in body temperature, and anecdotal observations suggest these changes affect ventricular repolarization such that the T-wave in the ECG changes polarity. Mammals, in contrast, can maintain stable body temperatures, and their ventricular repolarization is strongly modulated by changes in heart rate and by sympathetic nervous system activity. The aim of this study was to assess the role of body temperature, heart rate, and circulating catecholamines on local repolarization gradients in the ectothermic ball python (Python regius). We recorded body-surface electrocardiograms and performed open-chest high-resolution epicardial mapping while increasing body temperature in five pythons, in all of which there was a change in T-wave polarity. However, the vector of repolarization differed between individuals, and only a subset of leads revealed T-wave polarity change. RNA sequencing revealed regional differences related to adrenergic signaling. In one denervated and Ringer’s solution–perfused heart, heating and elevated heart rates did not induce change in T-wave polarity, whereas noradrenaline did. Accordingly, electrocardiograms in eight awake pythons receiving intra-arterial infusion of the β-adrenergic receptor agonists adrenaline and isoproterenol revealed T-wave inversion in most individuals. Conversely, blocking the β-adrenergic receptors using propranolol prevented T-wave change during heating. Our findings indicate that changes in ventricular repolarization in ball pythons are caused by increased tone of the sympathetic nervous system, not by changes in temperature. Therefore, ventricular repolarization in both pythons and mammals is modulated by evolutionary conserved mechanisms involving catecholaminergic stimulation.

Abstract P161: Tai Chi Movements Bring On Parasympathetic Nerve Output As Indicated By Audible Bowel Sounds

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desuo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Bowel Sounds ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Tai Chi Exercise

Tai Chi movements are unique exercise that can improve cognition, strength somatomotor coordination, and enhance autonomic nerve regulation on internal organ function. The mild increase in heart rate and/or slight sweat during and after practicing Tai Chi indicates the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. There is lack of evidence to show that Tai Chi exercise enhances the activity of parasympathetic nervous system though it has been claimed that practicing Tai Chi could do so. The author tested the hypothesis that Tai Chi exercise brings on an increase in parasympathetic nerve outputs (PNO). The PNO is evaluated by recording the bowel sounds using an audio recorder (Sony digital voice recorder ICD-PX Series) and the data analyses were done using NCH software (WavePad audio editor). The heart rate was simultaneously recorded using a fingertip pulse oximeter (Zacurate Pro Series 500DL) during Tai Chi exercise. All the data was repeatedly collected from a Tai Chi Master in a study period of 6 months. A total of 30 recordings were used to carry out the analysis. The audible bowel sounds occurred when the performer started to do the Ready-Movement of Yang-style Tai Chi. These Tai Chi induced-bowel sounds lasted from the beginning to the end of a set of movements (3-5 min for 24-moves style). The frequency of bowel sounds was in a range of 0.2 to 3.5 Hz. The average number of bowel sounds was approximately 2.5 sounds per Tai Chi Move. The intensity and frequency of the bowel sounds are not related to the change of the performer’s heart rate. In comparison, meditation or deep squat exercise performed by the Tai Chi master did not cause any changes in the bowel sounds. According to the autonomic innervation of the GI tract, increase of bowel movements is mediated by PNO. In conclusion, Tai Chi movements can simultaneously exercise skeletal muscles, sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. The enhancement of parasympathetic nervous system output by Tai Chi exercise is a valuable modality of physical exercise for wellness.

Changes in the sympathetic nervous system induced by 42 days of head-down bed rest

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. H1875-H1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Sigaudo ◽  
Jacques-Olivier Fortrat ◽  
Anne-Marie Allevard ◽  
Alain Maillet ◽  
Jean-Marie Cottet-Emard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Changes in autonomic nervous system activity could be linked to the orthostatic intolerance (OI) that individuals suffer after a spaceflight or head-down bed rest (HDBR). We examined this possibility by assessing the sympathetic nervous system activity during 42 days of HDBR in seven healthy men. Heart rate variability was studied with the use of power spectral analysis, which provided indicators of the sympathetic (SNSi) and parasympathetic (PNSi) nervous system influences on the heart. Urinary catecholamines and the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity were measured. Urinary catecholamines decreased by 21.3%, showing a decrease in SNSi. Heart rate variability was greatly reduced during 42 days of HDBR with a drop in PNSi but with no significant changes in SNSi. The baroreflex sensitivity was greatly reduced (30.7%) on day 42 of HDBR. These results suggest a dissociation between the catecholamine response and the SNSi of the heart rate. This dissociation could be the consequence of an increase in β-adrenergic receptor density and/or activity induced by a decrease in catecholamines during HDBR. The subjects who suffered from OI also had a greater sympathetic response and much lower baroreflex sensitivity when supine than those who finished the stand test. However, the mean response of all subjects indicated that the sympathetic activity (catecholamine excretion) was probably slightly inhibited during HDBR and could contribute to OI.

Sweating in cattle. IV. Control of sweat glands secretion

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Cutaneous Evaporation ◽  
The University

Two calves (Aberdeen Angus and American Brahman) were used exposed to different combinations of wet- and dry-bulb temperatures in a psychromatric chamber at the Physiology Department of the University of Queensland. These animals were 7–8 months old when first exposed to heat.Effect of various drugs affecting the sympathetic nervous system (adrenaline, noradrenaline, Dibenamine, Priscol, atropine and acetylcholine) on the rate of cutaneous evaporation in calves was tested. Cutaneous evaporation was measured by means of a capsule before and after the administration of these drugs.Cutaneous evaporation increased with the introduction of adrenaline and was suppressed by the administration of Dibenamine. Noradrenaline and Priscol had no appreciable effect. Acetylcholine failed to stimulate sweating and atropine did not block the sweat glands.Sweat glands of cattle were, therefore, found to be functional and their innervation adrenergic. Cattle use sweat to prevent body temperature from rising, yet the amount of sweat secreted is not large enough to allow cattle to maintain thermoneutrality at high air temperatures.

Control of the sympathetic nervous system by TRPV1 in the regulation of body temperature

Neuropeptides ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Khadija Alawi ◽  
Aisah Aubdool ◽  
Lihuan Liang ◽  
Elena Wilde ◽  
Abhinav Vepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Pentobarbital effects on plasma catecholamines: temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. E95-E100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Baum ◽  
J. B. Halter ◽  
G. J. Taborsky ◽  
D. Porte
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations

The effects of intravenous pentobarbital were studied in dogs. Plasma pentobarbital concentrations were inversely related to epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. Plasma catecholamines appeared fully suppressed at pentobarbital levels greater than 25-30 micrograms/ml. Furthermore, pentobarbital levels were negatively related to rectal temperature, heart rate, and mean blood pressure. The methods of pentobarbital administration influenced plasma pentobarbital as well as epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. These observations suggest the possibility that pentobarbital inhibits the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn may affect temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Because pentobarbital anesthesia affects plasma catecholamine concentrations, the regimen used in animal models requires consideration when interpreting data potentially influenced by the sympathetic nervous system.

scholarly journals Development of temperature regulation in newborn reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hissa ◽  
S. Saarela ◽  
M. Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

<p>Development of temperature regulation was investigated by determining the ability of newborn reindeer calves (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) to maintain a normal body temperature when exposed to an incrementially decreasing ambient temperature. Newborn calves (1 day old) can maintain their body temperature even at -15 &deg;C. They can increase their metabolic rate five- to sixfold. Heat production is primarily stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. The response to exogenous administration of noradrenaline and propranolol was investigated.</p><p>Poronvasan l&aring;mmons&aring;&aring;telyn syntym&aring;nj&aring;lkeinen kehittyminen.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Vastasyntyneiden poronvasojen kylmansietoa ja lammonsaatelya tutkittiin toukokuussa 1981 Inarin Kaamasessa Paliskuntain yhdistyksen koetarhassa. Tutkittavat vasat olivat 1-10 vuorokauden ikaisia. Vasa asetettiin j&aring;&aring;hdytett&aring;va&aring;n mittauskammioon. Sen aineenvaihdunta, lampotilat niin ihon eri kohdista kuin perasuolesta, lihasvarina ja sydanfrekvenssi rekisteroitiin jatkuvasti. Tulosten mukaan naytt&aring;a silt&aring; kuin 1 vuorokauden ikaiselle vasalle -15 &deg;C olisi ehdoton alaraja l&aring;mpotilan s&aring;&aring;telyssa. Se kykeni kohottamaan hapenkulutusta talloin 5-kertaisesti. Lihasvarinan merkitys on vahainen verrattuna kemialliseen l&aring;mmontuottoon kylmassa. Tama voitiin osoittaa injisoimalla vasaan sympaattisen hermoston valittajaainetta noradrenaliinia.</p><p>Temperaturreguleringens utvikling hos nyf&oslash;dte reinkalver.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Temperaturreguleringens utvikling er studert ved &aring; bestemme nyf&oslash;dte reinkalvers evne til &aring; opprettholde normal kroppstemperatur under p&aring;virkning av gradvis synkende omgivelsestemperatur. Nyf&oslash;dte kalver (1 d&oslash;gn gamle) kan opprettholde sin kroppstemperatur selv ved -15 &deg;C. De kan &oslash;ke sin omsetningshastighet fem til seks ganger. I starten er varmeproduksjonen stimulert av det sympatiske nervesystem. Virkningen av tilf&oslash;rt noradrenalin og propranolol ble studert og skjelving synes &aring; spille bare en mindre rolle umiddelbart etter f&oslash;dselen.</p>

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