scholarly journals Development of temperature regulation in newborn reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hissa ◽  
S. Saarela ◽  
M. Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

<p>Development of temperature regulation was investigated by determining the ability of newborn reindeer calves (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) to maintain a normal body temperature when exposed to an incrementially decreasing ambient temperature. Newborn calves (1 day old) can maintain their body temperature even at -15 &deg;C. They can increase their metabolic rate five- to sixfold. Heat production is primarily stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. The response to exogenous administration of noradrenaline and propranolol was investigated.</p><p>Poronvasan l&aring;mmons&aring;&aring;telyn syntym&aring;nj&aring;lkeinen kehittyminen.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Vastasyntyneiden poronvasojen kylmansietoa ja lammonsaatelya tutkittiin toukokuussa 1981 Inarin Kaamasessa Paliskuntain yhdistyksen koetarhassa. Tutkittavat vasat olivat 1-10 vuorokauden ikaisia. Vasa asetettiin j&aring;&aring;hdytett&aring;va&aring;n mittauskammioon. Sen aineenvaihdunta, lampotilat niin ihon eri kohdista kuin perasuolesta, lihasvarina ja sydanfrekvenssi rekisteroitiin jatkuvasti. Tulosten mukaan naytt&aring;a silt&aring; kuin 1 vuorokauden ikaiselle vasalle -15 &deg;C olisi ehdoton alaraja l&aring;mpotilan s&aring;&aring;telyssa. Se kykeni kohottamaan hapenkulutusta talloin 5-kertaisesti. Lihasvarinan merkitys on vahainen verrattuna kemialliseen l&aring;mmontuottoon kylmassa. Tama voitiin osoittaa injisoimalla vasaan sympaattisen hermoston valittajaainetta noradrenaliinia.</p><p>Temperaturreguleringens utvikling hos nyf&oslash;dte reinkalver.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Temperaturreguleringens utvikling er studert ved &aring; bestemme nyf&oslash;dte reinkalvers evne til &aring; opprettholde normal kroppstemperatur under p&aring;virkning av gradvis synkende omgivelsestemperatur. Nyf&oslash;dte kalver (1 d&oslash;gn gamle) kan opprettholde sin kroppstemperatur selv ved -15 &deg;C. De kan &oslash;ke sin omsetningshastighet fem til seks ganger. I starten er varmeproduksjonen stimulert av det sympatiske nervesystem. Virkningen av tilf&oslash;rt noradrenalin og propranolol ble studert og skjelving synes &aring; spille bare en mindre rolle umiddelbart etter f&oslash;dselen.</p>

Sympathetic function and development of temperature regulation

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Wekstein
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Sympathetic Function ◽  
Rate Of Cooling ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Time Required

Experiments were performed to determine the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the maturation of temperature regulation in the preweanling rat. Animals 6–16 days of age were placed in a 15 C air environment. The time required for their colonic temperatures to drop from 30 to 20 C was taken as an index of cooling rate. Reserpine, pentolinium, and nerve-growth-factor antiserum were used to evaluate autonomic function. None of these blocking agents influenced the rate of cooling of the 6-day-old animal. In the 16-day-old animal the same agents had a pronounced effect, such that control animals did not cool, while animals that had received reserpine cooled at a rate of 0.18 C/min, animals that had received the pentolinium cooled at a rate of 0.07 C/min, and animals that had received the antiserum for the first 5 days of life cooled at a rate of 0.15 C/min. This study indicates that the sympathetic nervous system is concerned with the development of homeothermy in the rat.

Sweating in cattle. IV. Control of sweat glands secretion

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Cutaneous Evaporation ◽  
The University

Two calves (Aberdeen Angus and American Brahman) were used exposed to different combinations of wet- and dry-bulb temperatures in a psychromatric chamber at the Physiology Department of the University of Queensland. These animals were 7–8 months old when first exposed to heat.Effect of various drugs affecting the sympathetic nervous system (adrenaline, noradrenaline, Dibenamine, Priscol, atropine and acetylcholine) on the rate of cutaneous evaporation in calves was tested. Cutaneous evaporation was measured by means of a capsule before and after the administration of these drugs.Cutaneous evaporation increased with the introduction of adrenaline and was suppressed by the administration of Dibenamine. Noradrenaline and Priscol had no appreciable effect. Acetylcholine failed to stimulate sweating and atropine did not block the sweat glands.Sweat glands of cattle were, therefore, found to be functional and their innervation adrenergic. Cattle use sweat to prevent body temperature from rising, yet the amount of sweat secreted is not large enough to allow cattle to maintain thermoneutrality at high air temperatures.

Control of the sympathetic nervous system by TRPV1 in the regulation of body temperature

Neuropeptides ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Khadija Alawi ◽  
Aisah Aubdool ◽  
Lihuan Liang ◽  
Elena Wilde ◽  
Abhinav Vepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Metabolic responses to fasting and refeeding in lean and genetically obese rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (5) ◽  
pp. R615-R620 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Rothwell ◽  
M. E. Saville ◽  
M. J. Stock
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Injection of norepinephrine (NE) (25 micrograms/100 g body wt) caused a similar rise in metabolic rate in lean and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats, but 3-day fasting suppressed the response in lean rats and enhanced the rise in obese mutants. Triiodothyronine (T3) injection (10 micrograms/100 g body wt) caused a significantly greater rise in oxygen consumption (Vo2) in obese than lean rats, but the response was attenuated by fasting in all animals. The thermic response to a single meal of either mixed composition, carbohydrate, or protein (40 kJ) was much smaller in obese rats than lean, but the response to the mixed nutrient meal was similar for all rats after a 3-day fast. Refeeding 3-day fasted lean rats with a single carbohydrate meal (40 kJ) caused a rise in plasma T3 levels after 3 h and a delayed increase in metabolic rate 24 h later. Injection of NE instead of refeeding caused a similar delayed rise in metabolic rate. Carbohydrate refeeding had no effect on plasma T3 levels or oxygen consumption in 3-day fasted obese Zuckers, but injection of NE did produce a significant increase in metabolic rate after 24 h. Refeeding 3-day fasted rats with protein (40 kJ) caused a rise in oxygen consumption 24 h later in lean animals but had no effect in obese animals. The data from lean Zucker rats confirm previous findings in Sprague-Dawley rats and suggest that the thermic response to refeeding involves a complex interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and thyroid hormones. Obese Zuckers responded normally to NE and T3, indicating that their reduced thermogenesis after food may be due to insensitivity to nutrient availability or an inability to activate the sympathetic nervous system.

Temperature regulation in the new-born lamb. III. Effect of environmental temperature on metabolic rate body temperatures, and respiratory quotient

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
New Born

Studies were made on temperature regulation of lambs in a closed circuit indirect calorimeter. Dry new-born lambs were able to maintain normal body temperature in ambient temperatures as low as -5°C. This was accomplished by increasing heat production to 2–3 times "basal" levels, apparently by increased oxidation of fats, and by reducing heat loss through the extremities by vasoconstriction. The lower limit of the zone of thermal neutrality was about 29°C. In unsuckled lambs within 24 hr of birth, the heat produced in response to cold appeared to be independent of pre-natal nutrition and age. It was considerably lower in lambs with hairy coats than in lambs with fine coats. Milk intake increased heat production, and this increase was abolished after 12 hr of fasting in lambs up to 3 days old, but the increase persisted in older lambs. The increase was accompanied by, and was apparently due to, elevated heat loss from the extremities, which persisted even at low temperatures. The maximal thermal insulation of the tissues, calculated from these results, was about 1 Clo; that of the fleece plus air was only 1 to 2 Clo.

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