Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Control of Life‐History Strategies in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

2006 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. E140-E157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Snover ◽  
G. M. Watters ◽  
M. Mangel
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Artificial evolution of behavioral and life history strategies of high-latitude copepods in response to bottom-up and top-down selection pressures

2019 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 134-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchana Bandara ◽  
Øystein Varpe ◽  
Rubao Ji ◽  
Ketil Eiane
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Artificial Evolution ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Bottom Up

Survival and life history characteristics among wild and hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) returns: how do unfed fry differ from smolt releases?

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Thériault ◽  
Gregory R. Moyer ◽  
Michael A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Life History Characteristics ◽  
Hatchery Program ◽  
Release Strategy ◽  
Integrated Hatchery Program

Survival and life history characteristics were evaluated for a coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) integrated hatchery program using two stocking strategies. Fish were released as unfed fry or smolts and returned as adults, and then molecular analysis was employed to pedigree the entire population. We showed that mean adult survival of individuals released as unfed fry was less than that of individuals released as smolts (0.03% vs. 2.39%). The relative reproductive success (RRS) of the fry release strategy to wild spawning was significantly greater for one of two cohorts, whereas the smolt release strategy to wild RRS was significantly greater for both cohorts. Fish released as smolts were significantly smaller upon returning as adults than either those released as unfed fry or wild returns. Mean run timing was also significantly biased towards an earlier run time for hatchery-released fish when compared with the wild component. The incidence of jacking (males maturing at age 2) was greater among fish stocked as smolts than for fish stocked as fry. Differences in survival, RRS, and life history appeared to be the result of hatchery practices and indicated that a fry stocking strategy produced fish more similar to the wild component of the population than to that of fish released as smolts.

Residence times of juvenile salmon and steelhead in off-channel tidal freshwater habitats, Columbia River, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Johnson ◽  
Gene R. Ploskey ◽  
Nichole K. Sather ◽  
David J. Teel
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Tidal Freshwater ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Juvenile Salmonids ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

We documented two life history strategies for juvenile salmonids as expressed in off-channel tidal freshwater habitats of the Columbia River: (i) active migrations by upper river Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during the primary spring and summer migration periods and (ii) overwinter rearing in tidal freshwater habitats by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and naturally produced Chinook salmon mostly from lower river sources. During spring–summer 2007–2008, acoustic-tagged fish originating above Bonneville Dam (rkm 234) had short residence times in off-channel areas (rkm 192–203): median 2.5 and 2.6 h for yearling (mean lengths 134 and 158 mm) and 3.0 and 3.4 h for subyearling (104 and 116 mm) Chinook salmon and 2.5 h for yearling steelhead (215 mm). The percentage of fish in off-channel areas out of the total in the main- and off-channels areas was highest for yearling Chinook salmon (8.1% and 9.3% for 2007 and 2008, respectively) and lowest for steelhead (4.0% for 2008) and subyearling Chinook salmon (3.6% and 6.1% for 2007 and 2008, respectively). In late January and early February 2010, 2011, and 2012, we captured and tagged yearling Chinook and coho salmon occupying off-channel tidal freshwater habitats. Median residence times in off-channel areas were 11.6–25.5 days for juvenile Chinook (106, 115, and 118 mm, respectively by year) and 11.2 days for coho salmon (116 mm). This study is the first to estimate residence times for juvenile salmonids specifically in off-channel areas of tidal fresh water and, most importantly, residence times for Chinook salmon expressing a life history of overwintering in tidal fresh water. The findings support restoration of shallow off-channel habitats in tidal freshwater portions of the Columbia River.

Whole life history studies of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) following embryonic exposure to benzo[a]pyrene

1989 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary K. Ostrander ◽  
Marsha L. Landolt ◽  
Richard M. Kocan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Embryonic Exposure

Rearing in natural and recovering tidal wetlands enhances growth and life-history diversity of Columbia Estuary tributary coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch population

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Craig ◽  
C. A. Simenstad ◽  
D. L. Bottom
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Tidal Wetlands

INTERACTION OF TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP LIFE HISTORY TRADE-OFFS IN MOOSE (ALCES ALCES)

Ecology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1453-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ward Testa
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Trade Offs

Seaward Movement of Juvenile Fishes, Including Lunar Periodicity in the Movement of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Fry

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2542-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lunar Periodicity ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Lunar Cycles ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
New Moon

Following emergence, more than 51,000 coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry moved seaward from Lymn Creek. Peaks in movement occurred coincident with the new moon and progressively declined through four lunar cycles although 75% of the outmovement took place between early April and the middle of June. Coho smolt migration occurred simultaneously, the run peaking in late May during a period of maximum low tides between sunrise and sunset when the moon was full. Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) moved seaward sporadically throughout the trapping period from April to September but their numbers increased markedly in August due to the appearance of underyearlings. The seaward movement of coho fry and smolts and of sticklebacks showed no apparent relationship to either stream discharge or temperature.Lunar rhythmicity in movement of coho fry and probable fate of fry are discussed within a framework of behavioral and ecologic concepts pertinent to the species’ life history in the juvenile stage and relevant to concern for enhancing coho salmon production.

Detection of population trends in threatened coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katriona Shea ◽  
Marc Mangel
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Observational Uncertainty ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Management Recommendations

Populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in California are listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Such listings refer to adult populations, but often, juvenile life history stages are censused, so it is important to understand what affects the relationship between true adult and observed juvenile numbers. We present models to address how observational uncertainty, census length, and autocorrelation in vital rates affect our ability to observe trends. We ask two questions about our ability to detect declines in one life history stage from censuses of another. First, given an observed decline in parr numbers, what is the chance that this reflects a decline in adults? Second, given that adult numbers are declining, what is the chance that we see that decline in parr? Our results indicate that statistical power decreases with increasing observational uncertainty and decreasing census lengths and demonstrate how these two parameters interact. Power increases as the level of autocorrelation in mortality rates increases. Management recommendations include obtaining more accurate estimates of autocorrelation in mortality and of observational uncertainty.

Effects of Logging on Stream Temperatures in Carnation Creek British Columbia, and Associated Impacts on the Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Blair Holtby
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Logging Effects ◽  
Spring Temperatures

Clear-cut logging of 41% of the basin of Carnation Creek, British Columbia, resulted in increased stream temperatures in all months of the year, increases above prelogging temperatures ranged from 0.7 °C in December to 3.2 °C in August. Earlier emergence of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry associated with the temperature increases lengthened their summer growing season by up to 6 wk. Fingerlings were significantly larger by the fall in the years after logging compared with the years before logging. The increased size of fingerlings was associated with improved overwinter survival. Following logging, yearling smolt numbers doubled, although 2-yr-old smolt numbers decreased. Warmer spring temperatures were also associated with earlier seaward migration of smolts, probably resulting in decreased smolt-to-aduit survivals. A linked series of models that first predict logging effects on stream temperatures and then the effects of those temperatures on critical coho life history events are developed. The life history model is used to quantify the effects of stream temperature changes related to logging on the population size of adult coho salmon. The predicted effect of those temperature changes was a 9% increase in adult coho numbers prior to the fishery, an increase considerably less than the observed 47% increase in smolt numbers.

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