Seaward Movement of Juvenile Fishes, Including Lunar Periodicity in the Movement of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Fry

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2542-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lunar Periodicity ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Lunar Cycles ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
New Moon

Following emergence, more than 51,000 coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry moved seaward from Lymn Creek. Peaks in movement occurred coincident with the new moon and progressively declined through four lunar cycles although 75% of the outmovement took place between early April and the middle of June. Coho smolt migration occurred simultaneously, the run peaking in late May during a period of maximum low tides between sunrise and sunset when the moon was full. Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) moved seaward sporadically throughout the trapping period from April to September but their numbers increased markedly in August due to the appearance of underyearlings. The seaward movement of coho fry and smolts and of sticklebacks showed no apparent relationship to either stream discharge or temperature.Lunar rhythmicity in movement of coho fry and probable fate of fry are discussed within a framework of behavioral and ecologic concepts pertinent to the species’ life history in the juvenile stage and relevant to concern for enhancing coho salmon production.

Survival and life history characteristics among wild and hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) returns: how do unfed fry differ from smolt releases?

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Thériault ◽  
Gregory R. Moyer ◽  
Michael A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Life History Characteristics ◽  
Hatchery Program ◽  
Release Strategy ◽  
Integrated Hatchery Program

Survival and life history characteristics were evaluated for a coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) integrated hatchery program using two stocking strategies. Fish were released as unfed fry or smolts and returned as adults, and then molecular analysis was employed to pedigree the entire population. We showed that mean adult survival of individuals released as unfed fry was less than that of individuals released as smolts (0.03% vs. 2.39%). The relative reproductive success (RRS) of the fry release strategy to wild spawning was significantly greater for one of two cohorts, whereas the smolt release strategy to wild RRS was significantly greater for both cohorts. Fish released as smolts were significantly smaller upon returning as adults than either those released as unfed fry or wild returns. Mean run timing was also significantly biased towards an earlier run time for hatchery-released fish when compared with the wild component. The incidence of jacking (males maturing at age 2) was greater among fish stocked as smolts than for fish stocked as fry. Differences in survival, RRS, and life history appeared to be the result of hatchery practices and indicated that a fry stocking strategy produced fish more similar to the wild component of the population than to that of fish released as smolts.

Whole life history studies of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) following embryonic exposure to benzo[a]pyrene

1989 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary K. Ostrander ◽  
Marsha L. Landolt ◽  
Richard M. Kocan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Embryonic Exposure

scholarly journals Lunar cycles of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. I. Growth and feeding

1987 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
K. J. Farbridge ◽  
J. F. Leatherland
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Cyclic Patterns ◽  
Lunar Cycles ◽  
Salmon Parr

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum) parrs and smolts, maintained in a laboratory under a fixed artificial 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod from the time of hatching, exhibited a pattern of alternating periods of rapid and slow growth in body mass; the peaks and troughs in growth rate were significantly different from one another. The alternating growth rate changes were rhythmic in nature, of approximately 14 to 15 days in length. Evidence for cyclic patterns of growth in relative length and in food consumption was also found in coho salmon parr. Peak food intake appeared to occur 2–4 days after each peak of growth in relative mass. Although the pattern of growth in relative length was less clear, there was evidence to suggest that growth in length might be out of phase with growth in mass. There was no pattern of cycling growth rates in coho salmon parr subsampled from a common stock. The significance of this is discussed. The data suggest that the lunar cycle acts as a Zeitgeber for synchronization of the growth rate rhythms.

Detection of population trends in threatened coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katriona Shea ◽  
Marc Mangel
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Observational Uncertainty ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Management Recommendations

Populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in California are listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Such listings refer to adult populations, but often, juvenile life history stages are censused, so it is important to understand what affects the relationship between true adult and observed juvenile numbers. We present models to address how observational uncertainty, census length, and autocorrelation in vital rates affect our ability to observe trends. We ask two questions about our ability to detect declines in one life history stage from censuses of another. First, given an observed decline in parr numbers, what is the chance that this reflects a decline in adults? Second, given that adult numbers are declining, what is the chance that we see that decline in parr? Our results indicate that statistical power decreases with increasing observational uncertainty and decreasing census lengths and demonstrate how these two parameters interact. Power increases as the level of autocorrelation in mortality rates increases. Management recommendations include obtaining more accurate estimates of autocorrelation in mortality and of observational uncertainty.

Effects of Logging on Stream Temperatures in Carnation Creek British Columbia, and Associated Impacts on the Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Blair Holtby
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Logging Effects ◽  
Spring Temperatures

Clear-cut logging of 41% of the basin of Carnation Creek, British Columbia, resulted in increased stream temperatures in all months of the year, increases above prelogging temperatures ranged from 0.7 °C in December to 3.2 °C in August. Earlier emergence of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry associated with the temperature increases lengthened their summer growing season by up to 6 wk. Fingerlings were significantly larger by the fall in the years after logging compared with the years before logging. The increased size of fingerlings was associated with improved overwinter survival. Following logging, yearling smolt numbers doubled, although 2-yr-old smolt numbers decreased. Warmer spring temperatures were also associated with earlier seaward migration of smolts, probably resulting in decreased smolt-to-aduit survivals. A linked series of models that first predict logging effects on stream temperatures and then the effects of those temperatures on critical coho life history events are developed. The life history model is used to quantify the effects of stream temperature changes related to logging on the population size of adult coho salmon. The predicted effect of those temperature changes was a 9% increase in adult coho numbers prior to the fishery, an increase considerably less than the observed 47% increase in smolt numbers.

scholarly journals Lunar cycles of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. II. Scale amino acid uptake, nucleic acids, metabolic reserves and plasma thyroid hormones

1987 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
K. J. Farbridge ◽  
J. F. Leatherland
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Glycine Uptake ◽  
Lunar Cycles ◽  
Cyclical Pattern

[14C]glycine uptake by scales in vitro was measured in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum) smolts at different times during several semi-lunar cycles. There was a clear cyclical pattern of glycine uptake during the semi-lunar period. Evidence for semi-lunar cycles of liver and muscle RNA:DNA ratios, carcass water content, haematocrit, and plasma triglyceride, glucose and cholesterol levels was also found in coho salmon parrs. Plasma L-thyroxine (T4) levels exhibited a cyclical pattern during the semi-lunar cycle in parrs sampled in March when plasma T4 levels tended to be low, but no such pattern was seen in parrs sampled in January when the plasma T4 levels were relatively high (1.39-1.88 micrograms dl-1 in January compared with 0.38-0.83 micrograms dl-1 in March). There were no apparent semi-lunar cycles in liver mass:body mass ratios and plasma triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) levels. Changes in growth parameters (nucleic acid levels and glycine uptake by scales) and the content of nutrient reserves are discussed in relation to the semi-lunar patterns of growth in length, growth in mass, and food intake in this species.

Seasonal cycle in vitamin A1/A2-based visual pigment composition during the life history of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

2005 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Temple ◽  
E. M. Plate ◽  
S. Ramsden ◽  
T. J. Haimberger ◽  
W.-M. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
History Of

A preliminary study on the effect of lunar cycles on the spawning behaviour of the gilt-head sea bream, Sparus aurata

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Saavedra ◽  
Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Moon Phase ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lunar Cycles ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
New Moon

Environmental cues such as photoperiod and water temperature are often used by fish as a sign to begin reproduction. However, even after the reproductive cycle has started there are other signs, such as the moon phase that may affect the number of eggs laid by some fish species. The existence of a moon effect has never been investigated in any fish of the sparid family.In the present study, the effect of moon phase was observed on eggs laid by two Sparus aurata in indoor tanks over a four month period, from January to May, 2003. During this period a peak in eggs laid was observed around the Full Moon. A total of 8644 g and 5653 g of eggs were collected, 4535 g corresponding to the Full Moon and 2882 g to the New Moon.

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