scholarly journals Survey of Bloodstream Infections Due to Gram-Negative Bacilli: Frequency of Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolates Collected in the United States, Canada, and Latin America for the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Pfaller ◽  
R. N. Jones ◽  
M. Beach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance

scholarly journals Bloodstream Infections Due to Candida Species: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in North America and Latin America, 1997-1998

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Pfaller ◽  
R. N. Jones ◽  
G. V. Doern ◽  
H. S. Sader ◽  
S. A. Messer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
International Program ◽  
The Third ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance

ABSTRACT An international program of surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSI) in the United States, Canada, and Latin America detected 306 episodes of candidemia in 34 medical centers (22 in the United States, 6 in Canada, and 6 in Latin America) in 1997 and 328 episodes in 34 medical centers (22 in the United States, 5 in Canada, and 7 in Latin America) in 1998. Of the 634 BSI, 54.3% were due to Candida albicans, 16.4% were due to C. glabrata, 14.9% were due to C. parapsilosis, 8.2% were due to C. tropicalis, 1.6% were due to C. krusei, and 4.6% were due to other Candida spp. The percentage of BSI due to C. albicans decreased very slightly in the United States between 1997 and 1998 (56.2 to 54.4%;P = 0.68) and increased in both Canada (52.6 to 70.1%; P = 0.05) and Latin America (40.5 to 44.6%;P = 0.67). C. glabrata was the second most common species observed overall, and the percentage of BSI due toC. glabrata increased in all three geographic areas between 1997 and 1998. C. parapsilosis was the third most prevalent BSI isolate in both Canada and Latin America, accounting for 7.0 and 18.5% of BSI, respectively. Resistance to fluconazole (MIC, ≥64 μg/ml) and itraconazole (MIC, ≥1.0 μg/ml) was observed infrequently in both 1997 (2.3 and 8.5%, respectively) and 1998 (1.5 and 7.6%, respectively). Among the different species ofCandida, resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole was observed in C. glabrata and C. krusei, whereas isolates of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis were all highly susceptible to both fluconazole (98.9 to 100% susceptible) and itraconazole (96.4 to 100% susceptible). Isolates from Canada and Latin America were generally more susceptible to both triazoles than U.S. isolates were. Continued surveillance appears necessary to detect these important changes.

scholarly journals 1273. Activity of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam and Comparators Against Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa Isolates from Pediatric Patients—SMART United States 2017-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S725-S725
Author(s):  
Sibylle Lob ◽  
Meredith Hackel ◽  
C Andrew DeRyke ◽  
Kelly Harris ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor approved by FDA and EMA for complicated urinary tract (cUTI) and complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAI), as well as hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) in patients ≥18 years. Clinical trials studying the use of C/T for pediatric patients with cUTI and cIAI are completed, and HABP/VABP pediatric studies are underway. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of C/T against gram-negative isolates collected from patients ≤17 years in the United States (US) as part of the global SMART surveillance program. Methods In 2017-2019, 27 US clinical labs each collected up to 250 consecutive gram-negative pathogens per year. A total of 1336 isolates were collected from pediatric patients. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and breakpoints. C/T-nonsusceptible Enterobacterales (Ebact) and P. aeruginosa were screened for genes encoding β-lactamases. Results Among the 944 collected Ebact and 220 P. aeruginosa isolates, 40.7% and 76.4%, respectively, were collected from patients with respiratory tract infections, 37.0% and 10.0% from UTI, 13.7% and 8.2% from IAI, and 8.3% and 5.0% from bloodstream infections. The table shows antimicrobial susceptibility of Ebact, P. aeruginosa, and select phenotypes. C/T was active against 98% of Ebact, including 50 of 51 and 12 of 13 ESBL-non-CRE phenotype E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Among P. aeruginosa, C/T was active against 95% of isolates, 9-21 percentage points higher than the comparator β-lactams, and it maintained activity against 71-75% of P. aeruginosa isolates nonsusceptible to commonly used β-lactams. Among the 21 C/T-nonsusceptible Ebact, 2 isolates carried KPC and ESBL and 3 isolates carried only ESBL; in 16 isolates no β-lactamases were detected, of which 15 were species with intrinsic AmpC. Among 12 C/T-nonsusceptible P. aeruginosa, no acquired β-lactamases were detected, likely indicating chromosomally-mediated resistance mechanisms. Results Table Conclusion C/T could be a potential new treatment option for US pediatric patients with infections caused by Ebact and P. aeruginosa, including resistant phenotypes. Disclosures Sibylle Lob, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) Meredith Hackel, PhD MPH, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) C. Andrew DeRyke, PharmD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Kelly Harris, PharmD, BCPS, Merck & Co. Inc (Employee) Katherine Young, MS, Merck (Employee) Mary Motyl, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor)

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