scholarly journals Impact of Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Elevated Seawater Pco2 on Metabolic Rate and Hypoxia Tolerance in Octopus rubescens

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kirt L. Onthank ◽  
Lloyd A. Trueblood ◽  
Taylir Schrock-Duff ◽  
Lydia G. Kore
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Seawater Pco2

scholarly journals Hypoxia during incubation does not affect aerobic performance or haematology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) when re-exposed in later life

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T Wood ◽  
Sarah J Andrewartha ◽  
Nicholas G Elliott ◽  
Peter B Frappell ◽  
Timothy D Clark
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Fish Performance

Abstract Hypoxia in aquatic ecosystems is becoming increasingly prevalent, potentially reducing fish performance and survival by limiting the oxygen available for aerobic activities. Hypoxia is a challenge for conserving and managing fish populations and demands a better understanding of the short- and long-term impacts of hypoxic environments on fish performance. Fish acclimate to hypoxia via a variety of short- and long-term physiological modifications in an attempt to maintain aerobic performance. In particular, hypoxia exposure during early development may result in enduring cardio-respiratory modifications that affect future hypoxia acclimation capacity, yet this possibility remains poorly investigated. We incubated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in normoxia (~100% dissolved oxygen [DO, as percent air saturation]), moderate hypoxia (~63% DO) or cyclical hypoxia (100–25% DO daily) from fertilization until 113 days post-fertilization prior to rearing all groups in normoxia for a further 8 months. At ~11 months of age, subsets of each group were acclimated to hypoxia (50% DO) for up to 44 days prior to haematology, aerobic metabolic rate and hypoxia tolerance measurements. Hypoxia exposure during incubation (fertilization to 113 days post-fertilization) did not affect the haematology, aerobic performance or hypoxia tolerance of juvenile salmon in later life. Juveniles acclimated to hypoxia increased maximum aerobic metabolic rate and aerobic scope by ~23 and ~52%, respectively, when measured at 50% DO but not at 100% DO. Hypoxia-incubated juveniles also increased haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration but did not affect acute hypoxia tolerance (critical oxygen level and DO at LOE). Thus, while Atlantic salmon possess a considerable capacity to physiologically acclimate to hypoxia by improving aerobic performance in low oxygen conditions, we found no evidence that this capacity is influenced by early-life hypoxia exposure.

scholarly journals Metabolic depression and the evolution of hypoxia tolerance in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 20170392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Regan ◽  
Ivan S. Gill ◽  
Jeffrey G. Richards
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Trout Lake ◽  
Two Populations

Anthropogenic increases in global temperature and agricultural runoff are increasing the prevalence of aquatic hypoxia throughout the world. We investigated the potential for a relatively rapid evolution of hypoxia tolerance using two isolated (for less than 11 000 years) populations of threespine stickleback: one from a lake that experiences long-term hypoxia (Alta Lake, British Columbia) and one from a lake that does not (Trout Lake, British Columbia). Loss-of-equilibrium (LOE) experiments revealed that the Alta Lake stickleback were significantly more tolerant of hypoxia than the Trout Lake stickleback, and calorimetry experiments revealed that the enhanced tolerance of Alta Lake stickleback may be associated with their ability to depress metabolic rate (as indicated by metabolic heat production) by 33% in hypoxia. The two populations showed little variation in their capacities for O 2 extraction and anaerobic metabolism. These results reveal that intraspecific variation in hypoxia tolerance can develop over relatively short geological timescales, as can metabolic rate depression, a complex biochemical response that may be favoured in long-term hypoxic environments.

Individual Differences in the Phenotypic Flexibility of Basal Metabolic Rate in Siberian Hamsters Are Consistent on Short- and Long-Term Timescales

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan S. Boratyński ◽  
Małgorzata Jefimow ◽  
Michał S. Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Short And Long Term

Experience with Short and Long Term Courses of Local Adrenal Steroid Therapy For Ulcerative Colitis

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean A. Spencer ◽  
Joseph B. Kirsner
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Short And Long Term

Short- and Long-Term Results of Total vs Subtotal Thyroid- ectomies in the Surgical Treatment of Graves' Disease

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert ◽  
Mariéthoz ◽  
Pache ◽  
Bertin ◽  
Caulfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽  
Short And Long Term

Objective: Approximately one out of five patients with Graves' disease (GD) undergoes a thyroidectomy after a mean period of 18 months of medical treatment. This retrospective and non-randomized study from a teaching hospital compares short- and long-term results of total (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomies (ST) for this disease. Methods: From 1987 to 1997, 94 patients were operated for GD. Thirty-three patients underwent a TT (mostly since 1993) and 61 a ST (keeping 4 to 8 grams of thyroid tissue - mean 6 g). All patients had received propylthiouracil and/or neo-mercazole and were in a euthyroid state at the time of surgery; they also took potassium iodide (lugol) for ten days before surgery. Results: There were no deaths. Transient hypocalcemia (< 3 months) occurred in 32 patients (15 TT and 17 ST) and persistent hypocalcemia in 8 having had TT. Two patients developed transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after ST (< 3 months). After a median follow-up period of seven years (1-15) with five patients lost to follow-up, 41 patients having had a ST are in a hypothyroid state (73%), thirteen are euthyroid (23%), and two suffered recurrent hyperthyroidism, requiring completion of thyroidectomy. All 33 patients having had TT - with follow-ups averaging two years (0.5-8) - are receiving thyroxin substitution. Conclusions: There were no instances of persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in either group, but persistent hypoparathyroidism occurred more frequently after TT. Long after ST, hypothyroidism developed in nearly three of four cases, whereas euthyroidy was maintained in only one-fourth; recurrent hyperthyroidy was rare.

Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Directed Forgetting

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B. Festini ◽  
Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Directed Forgetting ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Impacts of short- and long-term time pressure on psychological well-being

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna K. McMillan ◽  
Cicely E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Short And Long Term

What You Think You Saw or Heard Depends on Test Delay: Modality Effects on Short- and Long-Term False Memories

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Olszewska ◽  
Patricia Reuter-Lorenz ◽  
Emily Munier ◽  
Sara Bendler
Keyword(s):  
False Memories ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Test Delay

Dissociation of short- and long-term memory recency effects: A case study

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi C. Martin ◽  
Mary R. Newsome ◽  
Monica L. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term
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