How Did Safety-Net Reform Affect Early Adulthood among Adolescents from Low-Income Families?

2021 ◽  
pp. 000-000
Author(s):  
Jacob Bastian ◽  
Luorao Bian ◽  
Jeffrey Grogger
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Low Income Families

Precarious Childhoods: Childhood Family Income Volatility and Mental Health in Early Adulthood

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-699
Author(s):  
Siwei Cheng ◽  
Kyriaki Kosidou ◽  
Bo Burström ◽  
Charlotte Björkenstam ◽  
Anne R Pebley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rise of income volatility in western countries has been extensively documented in the literature, but empirical research has just started to examine how childhood exposure to family income volatility affects subsequent wellbeing. This study takes advantage of several nation-wide, population registers from Sweden with linkages within and across generations to examine the intergenerational impact of childhood family income volatility on psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. In addition to the population-average effects, we also examine the heterogeneity in the impact of family income volatility for families at the top, bottom, and middle of the family income distribution. Our results suggest that after controlling for a set of family- and child-level characteristics, childhood family income volatility has a negative effect on mental wellbeing, and this finding is consistent across a range of psychiatric outcomes. Furthermore, we show that while children from low-income families exhibit the greatest likelihood of psychiatric disorder, children from families in the middle of the income distribution experience the greatest negative impact of income volatility.

Low-Income Families in the Context of a Vanishing Safety Net

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Kristin Seefeldt
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Low Income Families

scholarly journals Developmental timing and continuity of exposure to interparental violence and externalizing behavior as prospective predictors of dating violence

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 973-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela J. Narayan ◽  
Michelle M. Englund ◽  
Byron Egeland
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Interparental Violence ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Low Income Families

AbstractThis study investigated the prospective pathways of children's exposure to interparental violence (EIPV) in early and middle childhood and externalizing behavior in middle childhood and adolescence as developmental predictors of dating violence perpetration and victimization at ages 23 and 26 years. Participants (N = 168) were drawn from a longitudinal study of low-income families. Path analyses examined whether timing or continuity of EIPV predicted dating violence and whether timing or continuity of externalizing behavior mediated these pathways. Results indicated that EIPV in early childhood directly predicted perpetration and victimization at age 23. There were significant indirect effects from EIPV to dating violence through externalizing behavior in adolescence and life stress at age 23. Independent of EIPV, externalizing behavior in middle childhood also predicted dating violence through externalizing behavior in adolescence and life stress at age 23, but this pathway stemmed from maltreatment. These results highlight that the timing of EIPV and both the timing and the continuity of externalizing behavior are critical risks for the intergenerational transmission of dating violence. The findings support a developmental perspective that negative early experiences and children's externalizing behavior are powerful influences for dating violence in early adulthood.

Working but Poor in New York City

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Howard Shih
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
American Children ◽  
American Poverty

This policy brief summarizes the methodology and key findings of the Asian American Federation’s report, Working but Poor: Asian Americans in New York City. The report marked the first time Asian American poverty in New York City was examined in detail using the new American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample. The report also uses two definitions to examine struggling Asian Americans, the official poverty thresholds traditionally used and a concept of low-income families defined as families living below twice the federal poverty thresholds. After a summary on the methodology of the report, the brief will cover the findings and recommendations through three issue areas: improving job opportunities for working-age Asian Americans, building skills to help Asian American children broaden their future opportunities, and helping seniors in need of access to the social safety net. The brief concludes with an overview of Asian American poverty from a national perspective and discussion of future areas of study.

Securing the Safety Net: Lessons From Nonprofit Organizations on TANF Access During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 104438942110295
Author(s):  
Stephanie Holcomb ◽  
Jessica L. Roman ◽  
Sabrina Rodriguez ◽  
Andrea Hetling
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Temporary Assistance

The functioning of the U.S. social safety net as a support for low-income families depends on various means-tested programs and a system of both public agencies and nonprofit organizations. Using in-depth interviews ( n = 5) and a survey of nonprofit employees ( n = 73), we seek to understand the role of nonprofits in promoting equitable access to the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. Our findings reveal that public assistance programs are a necessary support for families, but that access is not always easy or equitable, and nonprofits form a protective layer of support providing resources and guidance for those most in need. Implications for policy and partnerships between the various components of the social safety net are discussed.

Background, Inception, and Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Local Implementation ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Low Income Families

Chapter 2 tracks the background, inception, and development stages of Dibao. Dibao has undergone significant expansions and has impacted the lives of millions of low-income families. The chapter shows that, throughout its development, Dibao has been shaped by economic and political forces and has remained true to its dual functions of serving as a safety net to the poor and maintaining social control and political stability. A constant struggle in Dibao has been addressing the fundamental questions of how to conduct means testing, and how to determine benefits eligibility most effectively and achieve the program’s intended goal of serving as a safety net for the truly poor. Such challenges are embedded in Dibao’s dilemma between central regulation and local implementation and will continue in its future development.

The Role of Social Support Networks in Helping Low Income Families through Uncertain Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Hill ◽  
Donald Hirsch ◽  
Abigail Davis
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Social Support Networks ◽  
State Support ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Low Income Families

In times of labour market insecurity and retrenchment of state support, low income families rely on friends and relatives as a safety net. This article explores the enhanced role of this ‘third source of welfare’ in light of these developments. It draws on qualitative longitudinal research to demonstrate how families’ situations fluctuate over two years and the importance of social support networks in hard times and periods of crisis. The research illustrates how social support is not necessarily a stable structure that families facing insecurity can fall back on, but rather a variable resource, and fluid over time, as those who provide such support experience changing capabilities and needs. A policy challenge is to help reinforce and not undermine the conditions that enable valuable social support to be offered and sustained, while ensuring sufficient reliable state support to avoid families having no choice but to depend on this potentially fragile resource as a safety net.

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