John P. Entelis, editor. Islam, Democracy, and the State in North Africa. (Indiana Series in Arab and Islamic Studies.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1997. Pp. xxv, 228. Cloth $35.00, paper $15.95

1999 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
The State ◽  
Indiana University ◽  
Islamic Studies

Pengembangan buku ajar praktikum mata kuliah morfologi tumbuhan di laboratorium biologi

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Suraida Suraida
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Plan Execution ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan karena proses pembelajaran di laboratorium Biologi IAIN STS Jambi yang masih minim sarana prasarana yang ada di laboratorium, sehingga menghambat proses pembelajaran khususnya untuk mata kuliah Morfologi Tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan buku ajar praktikum dan mengetahui praktikalitasnya. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan 4-D Models yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu Define, Design, Develop dan Disseminate. Karena adanya keterbatasan waktu dan biaya maka tahap disseminate tidak dilakukan. Produk yang dikembangkan berupa buku ajar praktikum yang divalidasi oleh validator. Produk yang telah divalidasi dan dinyatakan valid oleh validator, kemudian diujicobakan pada proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk melihat nilai praktis buku ajar praktikum di laboratorium Biologi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah data deskriptif untuk memvalidasi perangkat pembelajaran oleh pakar pendidikan. Selain itu juga diteliti data praktikalitas penggunaan perangkat pembelajaran ini yang diperoleh dari observasi dosen dan respon siswa. Nilai validitas produk 83,31% yang dikategorikan valid. Sementara nilai kepraktisan berdasarkan data observasi keterlaksanaan SAP, angket respon dosen dan siswa dikategorikan sangat baik atau sangat praktis. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran di Laboratorium Biologi yang dikembangkan adalah valid dan sangat praktis digunakan baik dosen maupun siswa. Kata Kunci : Pengembangan, buku ajar praktikum, laboratorium biologi Abstract [The development of a course book for plant morphology at biology laboratory] This research was triggered by the limited facilities of the biology laboratory at the State Institute of Islamic Studies Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi which became a constrain in the teaching and learning process of Plant Morphology classroom sessions. The objective of this research was to develop a course book as well as to reveal its practicality. The researcher did a research and development using 4-D Models consisting of four stages namely; define, design, develop, and disseminate. Considering the limitation of time and finance, the disseminate stage was not executed. The test revealed the validity score of the product was 83,31% which categorized as good. For its practicality, the product was considered as very good based on observation of lesson plan execution and lecturers’ and students’ response. In summary, the course book developed for the course at Biology Laboratory was categorized as valid and practical to be used by both students and lecturers. Keywords: development, a course book, biology laboratory

scholarly journals Courage and Cowardice in the North African Campaign: The Eighth Army and Defeat in the Summer of 1942

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fennell
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
North African ◽  
The North ◽  
High Level ◽  
Eighth Army

High rates of desertion and surrender during the battles in North Africa in the summer of 1942 were a major factor in Eighth Army’s poor combat performance. At the time, some suggested that these problems were symptomatic of a lack of courage or even of cowardice. There are two broad strands to the conceptualization of courage and cowardice. One focuses on the willingness of the person to fight; the other puts emphasis on how actions express an individual’s ability to cope with fear. Whichever conceptualization is used, high morale motivates the soldier to fight and shields the ordinary recruit from his fear, preventing it from overcoming him in battle. Where morale fails, the soldier is left demotivated and burdened with his terror and, therefore, and is therefore prone to desertion or surrender. Because it is extremely difficult to maintain morale at a continuously high level in an environment governed by chance and managed by humans, all soldiers can find themselves in situations where their actions may be judged as cowardly. Alternatively, if they are properly motivated to fight and prepared by the state and military to deal with the unavoidable fear of combat, all soldiers can be labelled courageous. Accordingly, emotive terms should be avoided when attempting to describe rationally explainable outcomes. The undoubtedly negative connotations attached to cowardice in battle and the positive ones attached to courage are, therefore, arguably unhelpful in understanding Eighth Army’s performance in the summer of 1942 and the human dimension in warfare more generally.

Slavery and the Slave Trade in Dār Fūr

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. O'Fahey
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
State Organization ◽  
Slave Raid

The institutions of slavery, slave raiding and the slave trade were fundamental in the rise and expansion of the Keira Sultanate of Dār Fūr. The development of a long-distance trade in slaves may be due to immigrants from the Nile, who probably provided the impetus to state formation. This process may be remembered in the ‘Wise Stranger’ traditions current in the area. The slave raid or ghazwa, penetrating into the Baḥr al-Ghazāl and what is now the Central African Republic, marked the triumph of Sudanic state organization over the acephalous societies to the south.The slaves, who were carefully classified, were not only exported to Egypt and North Africa, but also served the sultans and the title-holding elite as soldiers, labourers and bureaucrats. In the latter role, the slaves began to encroach on the power of traditional ruling groups within the state; the conflict between the slave bureaucrats and the traditional ruling elite lasted until the end of the first Keira Sultanate in 1874.

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