The State of the Universe

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
R Hide
Keyword(s):  
Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 284 (5419) ◽  
pp. 1481-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bahcall
Keyword(s):  

1834 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M‘Murdo

The author of the Tohfat-al-Giráni states, that “the country of Sindh takes its name from Sind, the brother of Hind, the son of Noah. It is reckoned the forty-third of the sixty-one countries of the universe. The line of the second climate passes, from the north, directly through its centre; and although Sindh is situated in the five first climates, it nevertheless chiefly appertains to the second, and, consequently, lies in the region of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.” It would be difficult to discover where the author quoted has found these grandsons of the patriarch; indeed, as is usual in such genealogies, they are probably altogether imaginary. The Hindú writings may, perhaps, afford some more satisfactory explanation of the name; but I have not been so fortunate as to meet with it. As far as I can learn from such sources, this country was called Sindhúdès, or “the country of the ocean,” alluding doubtless to the river Indus, which receives that dignified appellation in their sacred writings. The same authorities also state Sindh to have been governed by a Xhuthi, named Jayadrat'ha, who was slain in the civil wars of the Pandús; and it has, in consequence, sometimes received the name of Jayadrat'hadès, after that chieftain.


1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1954-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Baumann

Abstract Quantum Mechanics and Objective Reality A Schrödinger function (or a density matrix) can he ascribed only to an object whose isolation time is larger than its time of revolution. This condition can never be satisfied for macroscopic bodies. Consequently, the "cut" between object and observer must not separate a macroscopic body (measuring apparatus) from the rest of the universe. Hence in an analysis of the measuring process, the state vector of the universe must be introduced. An interpretation of this state vector is given which provides an objective description of nature.


Philosophy ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 39 (149) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Lionel Kenner

The classical determinist argument is that every event has a cause, that every event in the universe is an effect whose sufficient and necessary conditions are the state of the universe immediately preceding it. For this reason we could not have done otherwise than we did. We do not have free-wills and hence we are not morally responsible for our thoughts and actions. The classical deterministmay, however, modify his position and agree that not every event inthe world has a cause, but only that every human activity—our thoughts and our actions—are causally determined. Butit would still follow that we could not have done otherwise than wedid. As the first formulation entails the second formulation, and is more usual, we shall adopt that one.


The author considers it as a general fact, to which there are very few if any exceptions, that vegetable bodies in the state in which they are produced in nature, undergo spontaneous decomposition when kept under circumstances favouring such an action ; and that, from the decomposition of each, compound products peculiar to that substance result. A variety of experiments are detailed and tabulated ; the first series of which contains those made on solutions of compounds, such as sugar, honey and extract of malt, showing that in each the amount of spontaneous decomposition is in proportion to the quantity of nitrogen it contains. This law is found to extend to those parts of plants which are not in solution in water, but which remain in their natural state of elaboration, only having their texture broken down. The author is led to infer from his experiments that the chemical action to which any vegetable matter is naturally disposed, may, to a certain extent, be changed into some other, differing both in its kind and in its products ; and that in order to effect such a change nothing more is required than to excite in other vegetable matter mixed with the former, some action which shall preponderate over the rest, so that the whole mass may obey this new and predominant influence. The vapour which is disengaged during the rapid decomposition of vegetable matter he finds to be highly noxious ; and thence draws the inference that the Author of the universe has wisely ordained, that, when young plants, containing large quantities of nitrogen, are by any means checked in their growth, they shall be consumed by certain insects ; which insects may be conceived to form one of the links of that harmonious chain which binds together all the parts of the universe.


2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 1450043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Garay ◽  
Salvador Robles-Pérez

We consider a multiverse scenario made up of classically disconnected regions of the spacetime that are, nevertheless, in a quantum entangled state. The addition of a scalar field enriches the model and allows us to treat both the inflationary and the "oscillatory stage" of the universe on the same basis. Imposing suitable boundary conditions on the state of the multiverse, two different representations are constructed related by a Bogoliubov transformation. We compute the thermodynamic magnitudes of the entanglement, such as entropy and energy, explore the effects introduced by the presence of the scalar field and compare with previous results in the absence of scalar field.


Nature ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 433 (7023) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Coles
Keyword(s):  

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Carmiña Navia Velasco

Resumen: En este artículo se analizan cuatro protagonistasde obras de García Márquez, como representacióndel universo de género creado por el autor. Se concluyeque son mujeres que arrasan a su paso con muchos delos lugares comunes sobre lo femenino y la mujer, y selas analiza desde la concepción de Jean Shinoda Bolensobre los arquetipos de Jung como claves para entenderla psicología femenina. En primer lugar se analiza lafigura de Úrsula Iguarán, quien actúa a la vez como lagran madre, la gran abuela y la columna vertebral de lacordura familiar, y como la autoridad en el conjunto socialmacondiano, llenando el vacío que dejan sus descendientesvarones; se la compara a Hestia, la diosa griega delorden en el hogar, el templo, y el estado. En segundo lugarencontramos el análisis de Ángela Vicario, “virgen” queno lo es, y luego “recupera” su virginidad, pues la prácticade escribir cartas a su amado lejano le permite construiruna autonomía espiritual; se la compara a las diosas vírgenes(Atenea, Artemisa y Hestia) quienes representan laindependencia de las mujeres. In third place, se estudia elpersonaje de María del Rosario Castañeda y Montero, “lamamá grande”, la encarnación hiperbólica de funcionesmaternas, pero sobre todo de Colombia como nación, suclase política, sus clases dirigentes. Se la analiza comola virgen María y como Deméter, la madre universal,nutriente y protectora y Atenea, la Diosa independientey autónoma. Finalmente, Sierva María es la columnavertebral del universo que se nos regala en Del amor yotros demonios.Palabras clave: García Márquez, personajes femeninos,Jung, arquetiposÚrsula, Ángela, María del Rosario and Sierva María:García Marquez’s Feminine CreationsAbstract: This paper analyzes four protagonists inGarcía Márquez’ works as representation of the author’sgendered universe. It is concluded that they are womenwho destroy many conventions about women and femininity,and they are analyzed on the basis of Jean ShinodaBolen’s conception of Jungian archetypes as the key tounderstand feminine psychology. In the first place, thefigure of Ursula Iguarán is analyzed as both the greatmother-and-grandmother, the spine of family sanity, and asthe authority in Macondian society, filling the vacuum leftby her male descendants; she is compared to Hestia, Greekgoddess of order in the hearth, the temple and the state. Inthe second place, we find the analysis of Ángela Vicario,a “non-virgin” who later “recovers” her “virginity” bywriting letters to her estranged lover, in the sense thatshe constructs her spiritual autonomy; she is compared tothe virgin goddesses (Athena, Artemisia and Hestia) whorepresent women’s independence. Finally, the characterof María del Rosario Castañeda y Montero, “Big Mama,”hyperbolic incarnation of maternal functions but above allof Colombia as a nation, its politicians, its elite classes.She is analyzed in terms of the Virgin Mary and Demeter,universal mother providing nourishment and protection,and Athena, the goddess of independence and autonomy.Finally Sierva María is the core of the universe the authorregales us with in Of Love and Other Demons.Key Words: García Márquez, feminine characters,Jung, archetypes


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