It is well-known that reliability of equipment is the most important of all performance to all equipments. In order to make the equipments which include mechanical equipments, electrical equipments and so on work normally, reliability theory FMECA is applied in an aviation equipment to study its reliability and improve operational reliability of the product. Through its reliability mathematical model, average of operational time is predicted based on calculating failure probability of all electrical components. According to the process of FMECA, all kinds of the failure mode, reasons, effects and criticality of the products can be determined completely. By comparing these criticality data as shown, the paper analyses adopted method by that the contents, accents and operating process of maintenance may be instituted finally. FMECA-based method for reliability study of the equipment and the equipment maintenance perform well. The results indicate that application of FMECA method can analyze reliability in detail and improve operational reliability of the equipment. Therefore this will supply theoretical bases and concrete measures of maintenance of the products to improve operational reliability of products. FMECA can be feasible and effective for improving operational reliability of all equipments.