Calculation and theoretical substantiation of the indicators of diesel D-243 (4H 11/12,5) when working on mixed mustard-mineral fuel

The use of mustard oil as a biological component to mineral fuel and the preparation of mixed mustard-mineral fuel in the diesel power supply system directly during the operation of the tractor unit, with a slight decrease in diesel power, improves the environmental performance of the tractor, provides fuel economy of petroleum (mineral) origin.

SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE OF DIESELS WHEN USING BIOFUELS

The use of biological fuels based on vegetable oils and other similar raw materials in diesel engines in developed countries can reduce the cost of mineral diesel fuel and improve the environment. This issue is relevant for Ukraine as well, in connection with which the governing bodies pay great attention to it. The deepening of knowledge in the study of the peculiarities of the flow of operating cycles of diesel engines, their power and toxic characteristics at the same time contributes to the optimization of the use of these types of fuel. In this work, the main issues related to the use of vegetable oils, such as sunflower, rapeseed, corn oils and their ethyl esters, both in pure form and in a mixture with mineral diesel fuel, are considered as a biological component of fuel. Theoretical issues and experimental data related to the use of these fuels in diesel engines are considered. Experimental studies were carried out on diesel engines D21A and four-cylinder - Skoda - an analogue of the 1.9-liter Volkswagen engine with turbocharging. Economic and toxic characteristics were obtained by load and speed characteristics. There is an increase in the consumption of mixed fuel in comparison with mineral fuel, the toxic characteristics were better in some indicators, in some cases, for example, when operating at increased capacities, they worsened relative to those when operating on mineral fuel. The basic principles of the effective use of biofuels in transport diesel engines are formulated in terms of energy and toxic indicators, as well as the corrosive effect of blended biofuels on fuel equipment. Today, gas stations in Ukraine only sell alternative fuels for gasoline engines. These are mixtures in various proportions of gasoline and bioethanol with a content of the latter up to 35–40% by volume. The price of such fuel is lower than the price of gasoline. Biodiesel fuels are not commercially available, although they would also cost less than mineral diesel fuel. It is likely that the use of biodiesel fuels is restrained due to the need to adapt the diesel engine to these fuels and to monitor the state of the fuel equipment. However, these costs are small and can be easily compensated for by the difference in the price of mineral and biodiesel fuels. It can be assumed that, first of all, biodiesel will be introduced into agricultural machinery.

Application of Infrared Spectrometry in Studying Fuels and Biofules for Aircraft Turbine Engines

The research paper presents hydrocarbon biocomponents approved for use in aircraft turbine engines. The properties of these biocomponents are governed by ASTM D 7566 standard. One of the new issues regarding the utilization of fuels for aircraft turbine engines is the identification of non-petroleum elements, including hydrocarbon biocom-ponents. This article proposes applying infrared spectrometry as a technique for in-strumental analysis, which enables quick and qualitative identification of a used hydro-carbon biocomponent. Differences in the infrared spectrum between the mineral fuel and used fuel biocomponent were indicated based on the conducted preliminary tests.

Modernization of high pressure fuel pump for operation on mixed rapeseed-mineral fuel

The results of experimental studies, the purpose of which is to assess the effect of heating of diesel mixed fuel on the cycle supply and fuel pressure in the supra-plunger space of the high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP) are presented. A correction device for cyclic fuel supply is presented (RF patent No. 122708). The principle of its action is described. The results of experimental studies of HPFPs with the proposed device for adjusting the cyclic fuel supply are presented.

Advanced mathematical model of fuel supply operating process and results of calculations of fuel supply parameters for diesel engine running on composite rapeseed-mineral fuel

Results of theoretical studies are presented, their purpose was to assess the effect of heating of diesel composite fuel on cycle fuel supply and fuel pressure in the above-plunger space of a high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP). A refined mathematical model of the fuel supply process is described, which takes into account the concentration of rapeseed oil in composite rapeseed-mineral fuel and its physical properties, and theoretical justification of a method for determining the mean effective flow crosssection of nozzles and pressure fuel tubing is presented. The analysis results showed that with an increase in the concentration of rapeseed oil in composite diesel fuel and the revolution rate of HPFP camshaft at a temperature of 30 °C, a sharp decrease in the cycle fuel supply is observed which is smoother at heating. The same trend is observed with a change in the fuel pressure in the above-plunger space of HPFP.

FEATURES OF THE DIESEL RUNNING BY CAMELINA-MINERAL FUEL IN THE MODE OF INDEPENDENT IDLING

The mode of independent idling, characterized by an impaired process flow, unproductive fuel consumption and increased emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, is the most unfavorable mode of the diesel engine operation. Therefore, the aim of the research is to reveal the peculiarities of the tractor diesel engine operation by the camelina-mineral fuel in the mode of independent idling. Camelina-mineral fuel is a mixture of camelina oil and mineral diesel fuel in certain ratio of these components. To assess the possibility of using the camelina oil as biological component of diesel mixed fuel, an experimental study of the D-243 diesel engine in idling mode was carried out, and the degree of influence of the different ratio of the components of the mixed fuel on its parameters was determined. The researches were carried out with the diesel fuel on the L-0.2-62 mineral fuel and the camelina-mineral fuel with a ratio of the biological and mineral components: 25% RyzhM + 75% DT; 50% RyzhM + 50% DT; 75% RyzhM + 25% DT; 90% RyzhM + 10% DT and 90% RyzhM + 10% DT (US). For the parameters of the diesel, the excess air factor, the filling ratio of the diesel cylinder with fresh charge, the maximum cycle pressure, the hourly fuel consumption, smoke and carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gases are taken. It is established that when the diesel engine works on camelina-mineral fuel mode the minimum sustainable speed of the crankshaft idle speed 800 min-1 the values of maximum cycle pressure (6.3 MPa) and the filling ratio of the cylinders of a diesel engine the fresh charge (0,87) remain unchanged. The coefficient of excess air, increasing in mixed fuel shares of camelina oil to 90%, reduced from 7.187 to 4.619, while fuel consumption increases of 1.1 kg/h 2 kg/h. The best environmental indicators are observed when working on red-and-mineral fuel 50% RyzhM + 50% DT. Handling mixed fuel with ultrasound reduces fuel consumption, smoke and content of carbon oxide in the exhaust gas relative to the mixed fuel not treated with ultrasound.