Study on fusion blanket with ceramic solid as tritium breeding material

Tritium breeding blanket (TBB) is an essential component in a fusion reactor, which has functions of tritium breeding, energy generation, and neutron shielding. Tritium breeding ratio (TBR) is a key parameter to evaluate whether the TBB could produce enough tritium to achieve the tritium self-sufficiency (TBR >1) for fusion reactor. Current codes or software are hard to meet the requirements of high efficiency, high resolution, and high automation for neutronic optimization of TBB. In this article, the application of the density perturbation calculation on a solid breeder TBB was first performed. Then, the method of the geometry perturbation calculation based on the virtual density theory was studied. Results and comparison analysis indicate that the 1st + 2nd-order neutronic perturbation calculations (including the density perturbation and the geometry perturbation) results are consistent with the transport results under a perturbation of −15% to +15%. It is proven to be valid to use the perturbation calculation for rapid TBR enhancement study of the solid breeder TBB.

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Study on Multiphysics Coupling and Automatic Neutronic Optimization for Solid Tritium Breeding Blanket of Fusion Reactor

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14175442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 5442

Author(s):

Shen Qu ◽

Qixiang Cao ◽

Xuru Duan ◽

Xueren Wang ◽

Xiaoyu Wang

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Fusion Reactor ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Tritium Breeding ◽

Neutron Shielding ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Multiphysics Coupling ◽

Scientific Significance ◽

Test Reactor

A tritium breeding blanket (TBB) is an essential component in a fusion reactor, which has functions of tritium breeding, energy generation and neutron shielding. Tritium breeding ratio (TBR) is a key parameter to evaluate whether the TBB could produce enough tritium to achieve tritium self-sufficiency (TBR > 1) for a fusion reactor. Current codes or software struggle to meet the requirements of high efficiency and high automation for neutronic optimization of the TBB. In this paper, the multiphysics coupling and automatic neutronic optimization method study for a solid breeder TBB is performed, and a corresponding code is developed. A typical module of China fusion engineering test reactor (CFETR) helium cooled ceramic breeder (HCCB) TBB was selected, and a 3D neutronics model of an initial scheme is developed. The automatic neutronic optimization was performed by using the developed code for verification. Results indicate that the TBR could increase from 1.219 to 1.282 (~5.17% improvement), and that the maximum temperature of each type of material in the optimized scheme is below the allowable temperature. It is of great scientific significance and engineering value to explore and study the algorithm for automatic neutronic optimization and the code development of the TBB.

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The Self-Sufficiency Trust of Illinois

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e571742012-034 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

Paul L. Medlin

Keyword(s):

The Self ◽

Self Sufficiency

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Narcissism and Political Left-Right Orientation in view of Basic Human Values

10.31124/advance.13222157.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fatma Ülkü Selçuk ◽

Nil Demet Güngör

Keyword(s):

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Political Orientation ◽

The Self ◽

Human Values ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Openness To Change ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Political Left ◽

Self Transcendence

<p>The study explores the relation of narcissism to political orientation and their association with basic human values, using an undergraduate sample from Turkey. Leftwing orientation is weakly and negatively correlated with narcissism, and specifically with its self-sufficiency dimension. Leftwing is correlated positively with universalism and negatively with tradition. Narcissism is positively correlated with the self-enhancement and openness to change dimensions and negatively correlated with the self-transcendence and conservatism dimensions of the basic values. Hierarchical regression results indicate that the value tradition is a stronger predictor of political orientation than narcissism. In multinomial logistic regression, for narcissism, statistical significance appears for only extreme right compared to moderate left political positions. We did not find power-hunger to be related to political orientation. We did not find pro-sociality to be related to familial-religious customs. We did not find any sex difference for mean narcissism scores. However, females are more leftwing oriented than males and they report more eagerness to strive for justice for others. Striving for justice for others is negatively correlated with the value power; positively correlated with leftwing orientation and striving for justice for self; and uncorrelated with narcissism. Males have higher mean scores for the value tradition and females have higher mean scores for the value security.</p>

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Narcissism and Political Left-Right Orientation in view of Basic Human Values

10.31124/advance.13222157 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fatma Ülkü Selçuk ◽

Nil Demet Güngör

Keyword(s):

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Political Orientation ◽

The Self ◽

Human Values ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Openness To Change ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Political Left ◽

Self Transcendence

<p>The study explores the relation of narcissism to political orientation and their association with basic human values, using an undergraduate sample from Turkey. Leftwing orientation is weakly and negatively correlated with narcissism, and specifically with its self-sufficiency dimension. Leftwing is correlated positively with universalism and negatively with tradition. Narcissism is positively correlated with the self-enhancement and openness to change dimensions and negatively correlated with the self-transcendence and conservatism dimensions of the basic values. Hierarchical regression results indicate that the value tradition is a stronger predictor of political orientation than narcissism. In multinomial logistic regression, for narcissism, statistical significance appears for only extreme right compared to moderate left political positions. We did not find power-hunger to be related to political orientation. We did not find pro-sociality to be related to familial-religious customs. We did not find any sex difference for mean narcissism scores. However, females are more leftwing oriented than males and they report more eagerness to strive for justice for others. Striving for justice for others is negatively correlated with the value power; positively correlated with leftwing orientation and striving for justice for self; and uncorrelated with narcissism. Males have higher mean scores for the value tradition and females have higher mean scores for the value security.</p>

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Statistical Analysis of Tritium Breeding Ratio Deviations in the DEMO Due to Nuclear Data Uncertainties

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5234

Author(s):

Jin Hun Park ◽

Pavel Pereslavtsev ◽

Alexandre Konobeev ◽

Christian Wegmann

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Fusion Reactor ◽

Nuclear Data ◽

Data File ◽

Nuclear Model ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Tritium Breeding ◽

Tritium Breeding Ratio ◽

Nuclear Data Library ◽

Breeding Ratio

For the stable and self-sufficient functioning of the DEMO fusion reactor, one of the most important parameters that must be demonstrated is the Tritium Breeding Ratio (TBR). The reliable assessment of the TBR with safety margins is a matter of fusion reactor viability. The uncertainty of the TBR in the neutronic simulations includes many different aspects such as the uncertainty due to the simplification of the geometry models used, the uncertainty of the reactor layout and the uncertainty introduced due to neutronic calculations. The last one can be reduced by applying high fidelity Monte Carlo simulations for TBR estimations. Nevertheless, these calculations have inherent statistical errors controlled by the number of neutron histories, straightforward for a quantity such as that of TBR underlying errors due to nuclear data uncertainties. In fact, every evaluated nuclear data file involved in the MCNP calculations can be replaced with the set of the random data files representing the particular deviation of the nuclear model parameters, each of them being correct and valid for applications. To account for the uncertainty of the nuclear model parameters introduced in the evaluated data file, a total Monte Carlo (TMC) method can be used to analyze the uncertainty of TBR owing to the nuclear data used for calculations. To this end, two 3D fully heterogeneous geometry models of the helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) and water cooled lithium lead (WCLL) European DEMOs were utilized for the calculations of the TBR. The TMC calculations were performed, making use of the TENDL-2017 nuclear data library random files with high enough statistics providing a well-resolved Gaussian distribution of the TBR value. The assessment was done for the estimation of the TBR uncertainty due to the nuclear data for entire material compositions and for separate materials: structural, breeder and neutron multipliers. The overall TBR uncertainty for the nuclear data was estimated to be 3~4% for the HCPB and WCLL DEMOs, respectively.

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