scholarly journals Relation between the left and right cosets of an α-normal subgroup

2021 ◽  
Vol 2106 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
Y Mahatma ◽  
I Hadi ◽  
Sudarwanto
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Quotient Group ◽  
Left Coset ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Natural Way

Abstract Let G be a group and α be an automorphism of G. In 2016, Ganjali and Erfanian introduced the notion of a normal subgroup related to α, called the α-normal subgroup. It is basically known that if N is an ordinary normal subgroup of G then every right coset Ng is actually the left coset gN. This fact allows us to define the product of two right cosets naturally, thus inducing the quotient group. This research investigates the relation between the left and right cosets of the relative normal subgroup. As we have done in the classic version, we then define the product of two right cosets in a natural way and continue with the construction of a, say, relative quotient group.

C-Valuations and Normal C-Orderings

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chacron
Keyword(s):  
Abelian Group ◽  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Division Ring ◽  
Maximal Ideal ◽  
Quotient Group ◽  
Valuation Ring ◽  
Multiplicative Group ◽  
Invertible Elements ◽  
Natural Way

Let D stand for a division ring (or skewfield), let G stand for an ordered abelian group with positive infinity adjoined, and let ω: D → G. We call to a valuation of D with value group G, if ω is an onto mapping from D to G such that(i) ω(x) = ∞ if and only if x = 0,(ii) ω(x1 + x2) = min(ω (x1), ω (x2)), and(iii) ω (x1 x2) = ω (x1) + ω (x2).Associated to the valuation ω are its valuation ringR = ﹛x ∈ Dω(x) ≧ 0﹜,its maximal idealJ = ﹛x ∈ |ω(x) > 0﹜, and its residue division ring D = R/J.The invertible elements of the ring R are called valuation units. Clearly R and, hence, J are preserved under conjugation so that 1 + J is also preserved under conjugation. The latter is thus a normal subgroup of the multiplicative group Dm of D and hence, the quotient group D˙/1 + J makes sense (the residue group of ω). It enlarges in a natural way the residue division ring D (0 excluded, and addition “forgotten“).

Groupes géométriques de rang de Morley fini

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Frécon
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Large Class ◽  
Quotient Group ◽  
Characteristic Subgroup ◽  
Morley Rank ◽  
Connected Group ◽  
Finite Morley Rank ◽  
Linearity Conjecture

AbstractWe consider a new subgroup In(G) in any group G of finite Morley rank. This definably characteristic subgroup is the smallest normal subgroup of G from which we can hope to build a geometry over the quotient group G/ In(G). We say that G is a geometric group if In(G) is trivial.This paper is a discussion of a conjecture which states that every geometric group G of finite Morley rank is definably linear over a ring K1 ⊕…⊕ Kn where K1,…,Kn are some interpretable fields. This linearity conjecture seems to generalize the Cherlin–Zil'ber conjecture in a very large class of groups of finite Morley rank.We show that, if this linearity conjecture is true, then there is a Rosenlicht theorem for groups of finite Morley rank, in the sense that the quotient group of any connected group of finite Morley rank by its hypercentre is definably linear.

Hereditary artinian rings of finite representation type and extensions of simple artinian rings

1987 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Artinian Ring ◽  
Representation Type ◽  
Finite Representation ◽  
Finite Representation Type ◽  
Artinian Rings ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Coxeter Diagram ◽  
Skew Fields ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Natural Way

In [1], Dowbor, Ringel and Simson consider hereditary artinian rings of finite representation type; it is known that if A is an hereditary artinian algebra of finite representation type, finite-dimensional over a field, then it corresponds to a Dynkin diagram in a natural way; they show that an hereditary artinian ring of finite representation type corresponds to a Coxeter diagram. However, in order to construct an hereditary artinian ring of finite representation type corresponding to a Coxeter diagram that is not Dynkin, they show that it is necessary though not sufficient to find an extension of skew fields such that the left and right dimensions are both finite but are different. No examples of such skew fields were known at the time. In [3], I constructed such extensions, and the main aim of this paper is to extend the methods of that paper to construct an extension of skew fields having all the properties needed to construct an hereditary artinian ring of finite representation type corresponding to the Coxeter diagram I2(5).

scholarly journals On Structural Properties of ξ -Complex Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Aneeza Imtiaz ◽  
Umer Shuaib ◽  
Hanan Alolaiyan ◽  
Abdul Razaq ◽  
Muhammad Gulistan
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Quotient Group ◽  
Physical Situation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Complex Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fuzzy Subgroup ◽  
Fuzzy Subgroups ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Complex fuzzy sets are the novel extension of Zadeh’s fuzzy sets. In this paper, we comprise the introduction to the concept of ξ -complex fuzzy sets and proofs of their various set theoretical properties. We define the notion of α , δ -cut sets of ξ -complex fuzzy sets and justify the representation of an ξ -complex fuzzy set as a union of nested intervals of these cut sets. We also apply this newly defined concept to a physical situation in which one may judge the performance of the participants in a given task. In addition, we innovate the phenomena of ξ -complex fuzzy subgroups and investigate some of their fundamental algebraic attributes. Moreover, we utilize this notion to define level subgroups of these groups and prove the necessary and sufficient condition under which an ξ -complex fuzzy set is ξ -complex fuzzy subgroup. Furthermore, we extend the idea of ξ -complex fuzzy normal subgroup to define the quotient group of a group G by this particular ξ -complex fuzzy normal subgroup and establish an isomorphism between this quotient group and a quotient group of G by a specific normal subgroup G A ξ .

scholarly journals Symmetries of the space of connections on a principal G-bundle and related symplectic structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950039
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Jakimowicz ◽  
Anatol Odzijewicz ◽  
Aneta Sliżewska
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Cotangent Bundle ◽  
Total Space ◽  
Symplectic Structures ◽  
Structural Group ◽  
Reduction Procedure ◽  
One To One ◽  
Natural Way

There are two groups which act in a natural way on the bundle [Formula: see text] tangent to the total space [Formula: see text] of a principal [Formula: see text]-bundle [Formula: see text]: the group [Formula: see text] of automorphisms of [Formula: see text] covering the identity map of [Formula: see text] and the group [Formula: see text] tangent to the structural group [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the subgroup of those automorphisms which commute with the action of [Formula: see text]. In the paper, we investigate [Formula: see text]-invariant symplectic structures on the cotangent bundle [Formula: see text] which are in a one-to-one correspondence with elements of [Formula: see text]. Since, as it is shown here, the connections on [Formula: see text] are in a one-to-one correspondence with elements of the normal subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], so the symplectic structures related to them are also investigated. The Marsden–Weinstein reduction procedure for these symplectic structures is discussed.

A finite set of generators for the homeotopy group of a non-orientable surface

1969 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. J. Chillingworth
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Quotient Group ◽  
Closed Surface ◽  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Finite Set

Let X be a closed surface, i.e. a compact connected 2-manifold without boundary. If Gx denotes the group of all homeomorphisms of X to itself, and Nx is the normal subgroup consisting of homeomorphisms which are isotopic to the identity, then the quotient group Gx/Nx is called the homeotopy group of X and is denoted by ∧x.

scholarly journals Applications of Fox's derivation in determining the generators of a group

2000 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Wan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Free Group ◽  
Quotient Group ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Inverse Function Theorem ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Generating Set ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a set of elements to be a generating set of a quotient group F/N, where F is the free group of rank n and N is a normal subgroup of F. Birman's Inverse Function Theorem is a corollary of our criterion. As an application of this criterion, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of elements of the Burnside group B (n,p) of exponent p and rank n to be a generating set.

scholarly journals On Two Properties of Shunkov Group

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
А. А. Shlepkin ◽  
◽  
I. V. Sabodakh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Quotient Group ◽  
Finite Subgroup ◽  
Periodic Part ◽  
Locally Finite ◽  
Locally Finite Field ◽  
A Finite Group ◽  
Mixed Groups ◽  
Shunkov Group ◽  
Orders Of Elements

One of the interesting classes of mixed groups ( i.e. groups that can contain both elements of finite order and elements of infinite order) is the class of Shunkov groups. The group $G$ is called Shunkov group if for any finite subgroup $H$ of $G$ in the quotient group $N_G(H)/H$, any two conjugate elements of prime order generate a finite group. When studying the Shunkov group $G$, a situation often arises when it is necessary to move to the quotient group of the group $G$ by some of its normal subgroup $N$. In which cases is the resulting quotient group $G/N$ again a Shunkov group? The paper gives a positive answer to this question, provided that the normal subgroup $N$ is locally finite and the orders of elements of the subgroup $N$ are mutually simple with the orders of elements of the quotient group $G/N$. Let $ \mathfrak{X}$ be a set of groups. A group $G$ is saturated with groups from the set $ \mathfrak{X}$ if any finite subgroup of $G$ is contained in a subgroup of $ G$ that is isomorphic to some group of $\mathfrak{X}$ . If all elements of finite orders from the group $G$ are contained in a periodic subgroup of the group $G$, then it is called the periodic part of the group $G$ and is denoted by $T(G)$. It is proved that the Shunkov group saturated with finite linear and unitary groups of degree 3 over finite fields has a periodic part that is isomorphic to either a linear or unitary group of degree 3 on a suitable locally finite field. \end{abstracte}

On a Theorem of Cohen and Lyndon About Free Bases for Normal Subgroups

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karrass ◽  
D. Solitar
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Free Product ◽  
Double Coset ◽  
Normal Subgroups ◽  
Left Coset ◽  
Coset Representative ◽  
Representative System

Let S(≠1) be a subgroup of a group G. We consider the question: when are the conjugates of S “as independent as possible“? Specifically, suppose SG (the normal subgroup generated by S in G) is the free product II*S0α where and gα ranges over a subset J of G. Then J must be part of a (left) coset representative system for G mod SG. N where N is the normalizer of S in G. (For, g ∊ SGgαN implies Sg is conjugate to Sgα in SG; however, distinct non-trivial free factors of a free product are never conjugate.)We say that SG is the free product of maximally many conjugates of S in G if SG = II*Sgα where gα ranges over a (complete) left coset representative system for G mod SGN (or equivalently, gα ranges over a double coset representative system for G mod (SG, N)); in this case we say briefly that S has the fpmmc property in G.

ALGEBRAIC AND GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF LATTICE WALKS WITH STEPS OF EQUAL LENGTH

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-346
Author(s):  
KRZYSZTOF KOŁODZIEJCZYK ◽  
RAFAŁ SAŁAPATA
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Prime Number ◽  
Quotient Group ◽  
Prime Numbers ◽  
Lattice Points ◽  
Equal Length ◽  
Explicit Formulas ◽  
Terminal Set ◽  
Lattice Walks ◽  
Algebraic Properties

A lattice walk with all steps having the same length $d$ is called a $d$-walk. Denote by ${\mathcal{T}}_{d}$ the terminal set, that is, the set of all lattice points that can be reached from the origin by means of a $d$-walk. We examine some geometric and algebraic properties of the terminal set. After observing that $({\mathcal{T}}_{d},+)$ is a normal subgroup of the group $(\mathbb{Z}^{N},+)$, we ask questions about the quotient group $\mathbb{Z}^{N}/{\mathcal{T}}_{d}$ and give the number of elements of $\mathbb{Z}^{2}/{\mathcal{T}}_{d}$ in terms of $d$. To establish this result, we use several consequences of Fermat’s theorem about representations of prime numbers of the form $4k+1$ as the sum of two squares. One of the consequences is the fact, observed by Sierpiński, that every natural power of such a prime number has exactly one relatively prime representation. We provide explicit formulas for the relatively prime integers in this representation.

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