Non-Destructive Measurement and Evaluation of Surface Cracks Using Ultrasonic Rayleigh Waves – A Review

Abstract Quality control and inspection methods have become a critical challenge in everyday situations of the engineering profession. This is due to the evolution of the materials used today in industry and also increasingly complex and critical nature of many of the products and structures produced with them. Ultrasonic measurement is widely used especially in oil and gas and aerospace industries. This method is used because it is effective and not involving damaging the original parts. In ultrasonic measurement there are few types of waves emitted and where one of it is Rayleigh wave or mostly known as surface wave. Surface waves are generated when longitudinal waves intersects a surface near to the second critical angle. This review paper will describe about the types of waves emitted and produce and also some of the research that has been done related to the surface wave. This research can contribute to green environment because it reduces waste by suggesting the uses of Perspex.

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Cladding Thickness of Fuel Elements by X-Rays

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800000586 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 275-281

Author(s):

Beverley James Lowe ◽

Payson D. Sierer ◽

Robert B. Ogilvie

Keyword(s):

304 Stainless Steel ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Uranium Fuel ◽

Wide Range ◽

Materials Used ◽

Fuel Elements ◽

Destructive Measurement ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Cladding Material

AbstractThe paper is based on a feasibility study to determine the suitability of various techniques for the non-destructive measurement of cladding thickness on uranium fuel elements. The techniques studied were: 1—the attentuation of the characteristic X-ray fluorescence from the uranium base metal by the cladding material, and 2—Compton scattering of X-rays from the cladding surface. The cladding materials used in the investigation were aluminum, 304 stainless steel and zirconium, providing a wide range of both atomic number and density.

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Ultrasonic Measurement of Residual Stresses in Welded Specimens and Structures

Volume 6B: Materials and Fabrication ◽

10.1115/pvp2013-97184 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuri Kudryavtsev

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Ultrasonic Method ◽

Ultrasonic Measurement ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Stress Relieving ◽

Wide Range ◽

Destructive Measurement ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Applied Stresses

The application of an ultrasonic non-destructive method for residual stress (RS) measurements has shown that, in many cases, this technique is very efficient and allows measuring the RS both in laboratory conditions and in real structures in field for a wide range of materials. Using this technique, one can measure the RS at the same points many times, studying for instance, the changes of RS under the action of service loading or effectiveness of stress-relieving techniques. An ultrasonic computerized complex (UCC) for non-destructive measurement of residual and applied stresses was developed recently. The complex includes a measurement unit with transducers, basic supporting software, an advanced database and an Expert System, housed in a laptop, for analysis of the influence of RS on the fatigue life of welded elements. In general, the ultrasonic method allows one to measure the RS in both cases: averaged through thickness or in surface layers. The present version of UCC allows measuring the averaged through thickness biaxial RS in plates 2–150 mm thick. The results of ultrasonic RS measurement in large scale welded specimens and structures are also discussed in this paper.

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