scholarly journals Spatial assessment of maize physical drought vulnerability in sub-Saharan Africa: Linking drought exposure with crop failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 074010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Kamali ◽  
Karim C Abbaspour ◽  
Anthony Lehmann ◽  
Bernhard Wehrli ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Spatial Assessment ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals A Quantitative Analysis of Socio-Economic Determinants Influencing Crop Drought Vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Kamali ◽  
Karim C. Abbaspour ◽  
Bernhard Wehrli ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

Drought events have significant impacts on agricultural production in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as agricultural production in most of the countries relies on precipitation. Socio-economic factors have a tremendous influence on whether a farmer or a nation can adapt to these climate stressors. This study aims to examine the extent to which these factors affect maize vulnerability to drought in SSA. To differentiate sensitive regions from resilient ones, we defined a crop drought vulnerability index (CDVI) calculated by comparing recorded yield with expected yield simulated by the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model during 1990–2012. We then assessed the relationship between CDVI and potential socio-economic variables using regression techniques and identified the influencing variables. The results show that the level of fertilizer use is a highly influential factor on vulnerability. Additionally, countries with higher food production index and better infrastructure are more resilient to drought. The role of the government effectiveness variable was less apparent across the SSA countries due to being generally stationary. Improving adaptations to drought through investing in infrastructure, improving fertilizer distribution, and fostering economic development would contribute to drought resilience.

The Role of Policy in the Encroachment of Maize Cultivation in Semi-Arid Zimbabwe

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Wright ◽  
Prabhat Vaze ◽  
Stephen Gundry
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Producer Prices ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Semi Arid

For many areas of smallholder dryland agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, cultivation of drought-resistant small grains such as millets and sorghum offer reliable harvests and food security. Despite this, the area given over to maize in such semi-arid areas has been increasing, although there is a risk of crop failure associated with its longer growing season. The influence of agricultural policy on this change in cropping patterns is examined here in the context of Zimbabwe. It is argued that despite the official extension advice discouraging maize cultivation, other aspects of policy have indirectly contributed to this change in cropping patterns. These aspects include seed supply, changes in producer prices, and the operation of the drought relief programme.

scholarly journals The Use of Small Grains for Food Security and Climate Compliant In Dry Regions of Zimbabwe: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Sakadzo N. ◽  
Kugedera A. T.
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Sub Saharan

Climate change has brought issues of total crop failure in dry regions in Zimbabwe as evidenced by total crop failure in 2010, 2015 and 2017 in some parts of Chivi which is one of the driest area in Zimbabwe. The paper highlights the use of small grains for food security and climate compliant in dry regions of Zimbabwe. This brings in an idea of growing small grain by farmers as means of improving food production in dry areas such as Chivi, Mwenezi and Chiredzi districts. Cereal production growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to decline by a net 3.2 percent in 2050 as a result of climate change. To mitigate this risk, there is need to improve productivity of small grains as climate compliant crops which can ameliorate poverty in Zimbabwe. Small grains are drought tolerant and perform better in dry regions than any other cereal crops. Sorghum and millet have the potential to contribute to food security to the world’s poorest agro-ecological regions.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

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