Governance of adaptation: Proposing a process model for managing long-term climate policies

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
pp. 502024
Author(s):  
Kim Van Nieuwaal ◽  
P Driessen ◽  
T Spit ◽  
K Termeer
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Climate Policies

scholarly journals Striving for Inclusion—A Systematic Review of Long-Term Participation in Strategic Management of Urban Green Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Fors ◽  
Frederik Aagaard Hagemann ◽  
Åsa Ode Sang ◽  
Thomas B. Randrup
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Process Model ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Marginalized Groups

This systematic review contributes to the research field of user participation by suggesting a new holistic approach comprising a cyclic process model for long-term participation in the strategic management of urban green spaces, including analysis, design, and implementation phases, each followed by an evaluation. User participation in urban green spaces is encouraged in international conventions. Such initiatives aim to involve citizens more closely in decisions regarding local spaces, based on the premise that this will create better, more inclusive, and sustainable local environments. However, a social inclusion perspective is largely absent in the growing body of European scientific literature on urban green spaces. Further, user participation processes are often carried out within projects, with uncertainties about which strategic management phase (planning, design, construction, and/or maintenance) to emphasize and about the long-term sustainability of project-based participation. Therefore, the literature was examined for tools for participation with the focus on participation of local users in the strategic management of urban green spaces, and in particular, marginalized groups. A systematic review based on peer-reviewed scientific papers revealed the necessity for adapting participation processes to the known needs of different participant groups, including those of marginalized groups often excluded in the past. Local authorities have several pathways to socially inclusive and long-term participation. These include choosing and employing a suitable participation approach, anchoring repeated project-based participation in existing municipal long-term strategies, continuously supporting participating users and evaluating ongoing participation processes, and employing a mix of participation types and approaches. The “cyclic process model for long-term participation in strategic management of UGS” presented in this paper could guide such efforts.

Circadian Rhythms and Homeostatic Mechanisms for Sleep Regulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Cassie J. Hilditch ◽  
Erin E. Flynn-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

This chapter examines circadian rhythms and homeostatic mechanisms for sleep regulation. It reviews the current evidence describing the two-process model of sleep regulation and how to assess disruption to either of these sleep drives. This chapter also reviews the role of the photic and non-photic resetting of the circadian rhythm and describes how some aspects of modern society can cause sleep and circadian disruption. Further, this chapter describes how misalignment between the circadian rhythm and sleep homeostasis, such as occurs during jet lag and shift-work, can lead to sleep disruption. The short- and long-term consequences of circadian misalignment are also reviewed.

Discounting under Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-89
Author(s):  
Maddalena Ferranna
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Social Discount Rate ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ramsey Rule ◽  
Climate Damages

The debate on the economics of climate change has focused primarily on the choice of the social discount rate, which plays a key role in determining the desirability of climate policies given the long-term impacts of climate damages. Discounted utilitarianism and the Ramsey Rule dominate the debate on discounting. The chapter examines the appropriateness of the utilitarian framework for evaluating public policies. More specifically, it focuses on the risky dimension of climate change, and on the failure of utilitarianism in expressing both concerns for the distribution of risks across the population and concerns for the occurrence of catastrophic outcomes. The chapter shows how a shift to the prioritarian paradigm is able to capture those types of concerns, and briefly sketches the main implications for the choice of the social discount rate.

The utility of relationships in the creation and maintenance of an event portfolio

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Kelly ◽  
Sheranne Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose Event portfolios promote synergies among events and stakeholders within a destination in order to maximise resources. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of relationships in the creation and maintenance of an event portfolio using the four stages of Parvatiyar and Sheth’s (2000) process model of relationship marketing: formation, management and governance, performance evaluation, and evolution. Design/methodology/approach Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with tourism and government stakeholders involved in the creation and maintenance of an event portfolio within a single destination. Findings The destination outlined clear strategic goals through an event strategy. An Events Board was established to bring together key stakeholders from tourism, events, and government to oversee the development of an event portfolio. The Events Board gave advice to relevant tourism and government stakeholders on which events they should provide funding. Developing relationships was not a stated objective, but the Events Board realised the importance of relationships to create and maintain the destination’s event portfolio. Long-term funding contracts were used as a mechanism to establish relationships and were an impetus for interaction. Relationships were also maintained through dedicated staff who managed the relationships between the destination stakeholders and the events. Practical implications Understanding factors that contribute to the successful creation and maintenance of event portfolios can inform destination stakeholders who are responsible for generating tourism through events. Originality/value Limited research has examined the creation and maintenance of event portfolios. This study provides insight into the central importance of relationships in creating and maintaining an event portfolio.

scholarly journals Drivers of Housing Demolition Decision Making and the Impact on Timber Waste Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry John Forsythe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
No Value ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Housing Demolition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expected Increase ◽  
Project Level

The study investigates housing demolition and timber waste recovery – with the aim to identify ways of improving recovery. Using case studies the research focused on demolisher decision making, their onsite processes and the associated network of participants that influence timber recovery. From the data, a process model was developed that identifies and orders the drivers of demolition decision making. One aspect of the model identified the initiators of demolition and the waste created, including issues revolving around the demolition feedstock. Another aspect covers organisational business drivers and includes site safety, productivity, economies of scale, market value of waste and supply chain entrepreneurship. A third component deals with project specific drivers including the recurring cost versus income equation that impacts on the viability of project level decisions. The model includes a typology of the operational onsite response to the above drivers. Here, the deconstruction approach was found to provide high timber recovery mainly used where high-value timber waste was involved; the miscellaneous salvage approach provided some recovery of high and low-value timber; the crunch and dump approach provided low recovery or dumping at landfill and was used where low and no-value timber was involved. An expected increase in supply of these latter timber categories creates a significant need to increase the market value of currently low value timber groups. Designing for deconstruction is also posed as a long term strategy for this. 

A Bayesian approach for estimating the parameters of a forest process model based on long-term growth data

1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 249-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Z. Gertner ◽  
Shoufan Fang ◽  
J.P. Skovsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Model Based

Adaptation and Mitigation in Long-Term Climate Policies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Bréchet ◽  
Natalia Hritonenko ◽  
Yuri Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policies ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

INTEGRATING USER INTERFACE DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 227-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DAVID HURLEY
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Software Engineers ◽  
Model Features

A long-term goal for software engineers is integrating the separate processes of user interface development and modern software development. With emergent CASE technology, software engineers can begin to explore ways to achieve this integration. Exploration involves investigating candidate methodologies that let developers apply different development strategies to different parts of an interactive system. Disciplined long-term investigation requires that the fundamental principles governing each process be fixed and that evolving development methods comprising each process be accommodated. This paper proposes a computer-based process model that fixes the principles and accommodates evolving methods. Model features include a collection of software engineering and knowledge engineering techniques that supports a development organization of human and computer-based agents, a coordination activity that supports opportunistic behavior of developers, a unifying representation that leads to mutually consistent results from developers, and an extendable topology that enhances collaboration among developers while reducing their communications burden.

scholarly journals The Well-being of Students in a Welsh Secondary School Before and After a COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Smith ◽  
Arwel James
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
School Students ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
Before And After

Background: There has been considerable research on the well-being of secondary school students, most of which focuses on health-related behaviour or mental health issues. The well-being process model provides a framework that examines predictors of positive and negative well-being outcomes. The model has been validated in many studies of workers and university students. The present study examined the model's applicability to secondary school students whose education is conducted through the medium of the Welsh language. COVID-19 has disrupted education and well-being, and the present study presents profiles of well-being before and after the first COVID-19 lockdown in Wales. Aims: The first aim was to examine the applicability of the well-being process model to secondary school students. A second aim was to study students where teaching was in the Welsh language. Finally, the research examined the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown and identified predictors of current well-being after lockdown and the long term implications of COVID-19. Methodology: The research was carried out with the informed consent of the volunteers and approved by the School of Psychology, Cardiff University ethics committee. The participants were 214 students (111 males), and they represented each year group. An online survey was carried out, and the pre-COVID-19 associations between the well-being process predictor variables and outcomes were examined using regression analyses. Predictors of current and long-term well-being post-lockdown were also examined. Results: The data relating to the pre-COVID 19 periods confirmed that positive well-being was predicted by high scores for psychological capital and social support. Daytime sleepiness was negatively associated with positive well-being. Stress at school was predicted by high student stressors, negative coping, social support and low psychological capital scores. Post-lockdown well-being was predicted by psychological capital and negatively associated with academic stress and fear of infection, and the stress of isolation. The longer-term negative impact of COVID-19 was predicted by problem-focused coping, fear of infection, and social isolation. Conclusion: The results confirmed the applicability of the well-being process model to Welsh secondary school students. Lockdown during COVID-19 affected well-being, with the risk of infection and the stress of isolation and academic stress being the major negative influences.

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