scholarly journals The cultivation of Sorghum Bicolor using no-till technology and a complex biological substance

2019 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 012084
Author(s):  
T N Melnichuk ◽  
A M Izotov ◽  
E N Turin ◽  
K G Zhemchenko ◽  
A A Gongalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
No Till ◽  
Biological Substance

Behavior of sulfentrazone in the soil as influenced by cover crop before no-till soybean planting

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-680
Author(s):  
Gabrielle de Castro Macedo ◽  
Caio Antonio Carbonari ◽  
Edivaldo Domingues Velini ◽  
Giovanna Larissa Gimenes Cotrick Gomes ◽  
Ana Karollyna Alves de Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Crop Straw ◽  
No Till

AbstractMore than 80% of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Brazil is cultivated in no-till systems, and although cover crops benefit the soil, they may reduce the amount of residual herbicides reaching the soil, thereby decreasing herbicide efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate sulfentrazone applied alone, sequentially after glyphosate, and in a tank mixture with glyphosate before planting no-till soybean. Experiments were performed in two cover crop systems: (1) pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and (2) forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor]. The treatments tested were: glyphosate (720 g ae ha−1) at 20 d before sowing (DBS) followed by sulfentrazone (600 g ai ha−1) at 10 DBS; glyphosate + sulfentrazone (720 g ae ha−1 + 600 g ai ha−1) for cover crop desiccation at 10 DBS; and sulfentrazone alone at 10 DBS without a cover crop. The accumulation of straw was 31% greater using sorghum rather than pearl millet. In the sorghum system, the concentration of sulfentrazone at 0 to 10 cm was 57% less with sequential application and 92% less with the tank mixture compared with the treatment without cover crop straw at 1 d after application (DAA). The same occurred in the pearl millet system, where the reduction was 33% and 80% for the sequential application and tank mixture, respectively. The absence of a cover crop resulted in greater sulfentrazone concentrations in the top layer of the soil when compared with the sequential application or tank mixture. At 31 and 53 DAA, the concentration of sulfentrazone at 10 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm did not differ among treatments. Precipitation of 90 mm was enough to remove the herbicide from the cover crop straw at 31 DAA when using sequential application. An additional 90-mm precipitation was necessary to promote the same result when using the tank mixture.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE RHIZOSPHERE SORGHUM BICOLOR UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS USING NO-TILL TECHNOLOGY IN THE CRIMEAN STEPPE

Ekosistemy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
E. R. Abdurashytova ◽  
T. N. Melnichuk
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
No Till ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Steppe Plants ◽  
Research Period

In steppe plants regularly lack of moisture and it affects the biochemical functions of their development. The aim of this research was to study the enzymatic activity of the Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench rhizosphere grown by no-till technology under the influence of introduced microorganisms under conditions of moisture deficit. The growing season of Sorghum bicolor during the research period (2018–2020) was characterized by high temperature and arid conditions. The lack of precipitation reached 68.5 % in comparison with the average long-term indicators. It was revealed that the influence of the weather conditions of the year and the complex of microbial preparations (CMP) on the changes in the enzymatic activity of the S. bicolor rhizosphere was at the level of p≤0.05. IIBS (integral indicator of biological state) was calculated based on the level of activity of various enzymes in the soil. The value of IIBS with CMP is close to 80 %. It shows that no-till farming using CMP contributes to physiological stability of the rhizosphere. At the same time, the IBPS annually decreased by 61.1–92.8 % in the control variant without pre-sowing treatment of seeds with CMP, which indicates a slowdown of biological processes. The results of the studies proved that the adaptation of sorghum plants to the effects of abiotic environmental conditions is carried out by regulating the enzymatic activity of the rhizosphere by introducing microorganisms. Consequently, the use of microbial preparations is advisable for the cultivation of S. bicolor by no-till technology in steppe zone of Crimea.

Placement Techniques for Preemergence Applications of Pendimethalin in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Brown ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
John E. Morrison ◽  
David C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
No Till ◽  
Dry Conditions

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate placement techniques for preemergence applications of pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.]. The first technique consisted of row shields mounted behind the planter units. Shields maintained an untreated strip over the crop drill and allowed successful crop establishment with pendimethalin at 1.1 kg ai/ha, despite a simulated, intense rainfall of 3.8 cm within 24 h after planting. A second technique, which consisted of a special nozzle arrangement, was evaluated in no-till grain sorghum. The nozzle arrangement allowed a broadcast herbicide application but maintained an untreated strip over the crop drill. No stand reductions occurred using this technique at pendimethalin rates of 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha. In a growth chamber experiment, preemergence applications of pendimethalin severely injured grain sorghum when the soil was wet at the time of emergence, but injury was reduced under hot, dry conditions.

Control of Triazine-Resistant Kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Alex R. Martin ◽  
Alan E. Haack ◽  
Garold W. Mahnken
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
No Till

Herbicidal control of triazine-resistant (TR) kochia was evaluated in no-till grain sorghum. Herbicides were applied early preplant (EPP) or POST. In EPP experiments, herbicides plus nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v were applied 7, 2, or 0 wk before planting (WBP). Fluorochloridone at 0.8 kg ai/ha applied 7 or 2 WBP, pyridate at 1.0 kg ai/ha applied 2 WBP, and paraquat at 0.4 kg ai/ha applied 0 WBP controlled 94 to 99% of TR kochia; a prepackaged mixture of glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.3 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha and paraquat at 0.4 kg/ha applied 7 or 2 WBP controlled 71 to 82% of TR kochia; and 2,4-D ester at 0.6 kg ae/ha applied 2 WBP controlled 75% of TR kochia. Linuron at 0.8 kg ai/ha and atrazine at 2.2 kg ai/ha were ineffective. In the POST herbicide experiments, where paraquat plus metolachlor at 0.6 plus 1.7 kg ai/ha were applied 17 d before planting, various combinations and rates of bentazon plus atrazine, bromoxynil, and dicamba with adjuvants provided good control of TR kochia that was less than 8 cm tall.

Glyphosate for Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control in No-Till Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Brown ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
John E. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
No Till

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate johnsongrass control in no-till grain sorghum with glyphosate treatments applied in mid-June, late July, and mid-September before planting grain sorghum the following spring. Mid-June applications provided the best johnsongrass control. Ammonium sulfate enhanced the activity of glyphosate for only the late-July applications. In separate experiments, herbicide systems comprised of fall applications of glyphosate and/or spring applications of foliar and residual herbicides were evaluated. Fall applications of glyphosate provided superior johnsongrass control and grain sorghum yields.

Early Application of Herbicides for No-Till Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Stubble

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Early Application ◽  
No Till ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Research on the timing of herbicide application on no-till sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] planted into undisturbed winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) stubble was conducted at North Platte, NE, during 1980–1982. Applying some herbicides 41 and 25 days prior to planting sorghum maintained weed control, reduced sorghum injury, and increased sorghum yields when compared to application at planting. It was necessary to apply cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile} at 2.7 kg ai/ha 41 days prior to planting to avoid sorghum injury. Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] + 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 2.2 + 0.3 kg/ha reduced grass yields 97, 98, and 99%, while reduction with alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] + 2,4-D at 2.8 + 0.3 kg/ha was 93, 41, and 63%, respectively, when herbicides were applied 0, 25, and 41 days prior to planting.

Long-Term Effects of No-tillage in a Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)-Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)-Fallow Rotation

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Darryl E. Smika ◽  
Gary W. Hergert
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
No Till ◽  
Over Time

This research was conducted near North Platte, NE, over an 18-yr period to determine the feasibility of using herbicides to replace tillage as the weed control method in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.]-fallow rotation. Five tillage treatments [two tillage and three reduced or no-till treatments] were used on the same plots during the duration of this experiment on a Holdrege silt loam (Typic Argiustolls). Herbicides effectively replaced tillage for weed control. The no-till plots treated with atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] after wheat harvest had higher sorghum and winter wheat yields, higher crop residue remaining on the soil surface, and lower weed yields than tilled plots. The most difficult weeds to control were volunteer wheat and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. # ECHCG]. Soil surface pH decreased over time because of increased use of nitrogen. The pH in nontilled plots was significantly lower than in tilled plots due to lack of soil mixing. Exchangeable calcium was the predominant cation leached from the top 5 cm but showed accumulation between the 5- to 12.5-cm depth. Organic matter content showed little change over time.

Weed Control in No-Till Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Phil H. Grabouski
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Research ◽  
No Till ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field research was conducted in Nebraska to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides for the control of summer annual weeds in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.]. During 1976 to 1979, no-till plots treated with a mixture of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], and terbutryn [N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N′-ethyl-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] yielded 33% more sorghum grain than plots receiving the same herbicides when a seedbed was prepared by disking. During 1981 to 1983, season-long weed control was obtained with acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) acetamide], alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile}, metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], or terbutryn added to paraquat plus atrazine and metolachlor plus cyanazine plus paraquat applied 10 days prior to planting. The use of seed safeners did not increase sorghum yield.

Characterization and expression of dehydrins in water-stressed Sorghum bicolor

1997 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Wood ◽  
Peter B. Goldsbrough
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor
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