scholarly journals The diversity of macroalgae epiphytes on the thallus surface of Kappaphycus Spp in Serewe Bay, East Lombok

2021 ◽  
Vol 712 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
M Ghazali ◽  
R Kurnianingsih ◽  
B F Suryadi ◽  
Menip ◽  
W Widoretno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thallus Surface

Sporolithon mesophoticum sp. nov. (Sporolithales, Rhodophyta) from Plantagenet Bank off Bermuda at a depth of 178 m

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 385 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH L. RICHARDS ◽  
PAUL W. GABRIELSON ◽  
CRAIG W. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Marine Macroalga ◽  
Thallus Surface

A coralline rhodolith was collected from a depth of 178 m, the lower end of the mesophotic zone, on Plantagenet Bank offshore of Bermuda by the submersible Nomad using a mechanical armature. DNA sequence comparisons of the plastid encoded psbA and rbcL loci of this specimen to Sporolithales from the tropical western Atlantic and worldwide revealed it to be an unnamed species of Sporolithon. Sporolithon mesophoticum sp. nov. possesses tetrasporangial sori flush to slightly raised above the thallus surface and has uniquely flattened perithallial and meristematic cells. Thus far, the new species is the deepest known living marine macroalga that has been sequenced and placed into a phylogenetic context.

Thallus Surface Features in Agonimia Tristicula

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J Coppins ◽  
A. P Bennell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Features ◽  
Thallus Surface

scholarly journals Rhodolith forming coralline algae in the Upper Miocene of Santa Maria Island (Azores, NE Atlantic): a critical evaluation

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Rebelo ◽  
Michael Rasser ◽  
Rafael Riosmena-Rodríguez ◽  
Ana Isabel Neto ◽  
Sérgio Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
Southeastern Coast ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Thallus Surface ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Cell Fusions

The Late Miocene Malbusca outcrop is located in the southeastern coast of Santa Maria Island (Azores, NE Atlantic), interspersed in volcanic formations. At ~20 meters above present sea level, a prominent discontinuous layer of rhodoliths seizes with an extension of ~250 meters. This paper presents the first taxonomic record of fossil rhodolith forming coralline algae for the Miocene of the Azores. The preserved taxonomic features used were the following: (1) arrangement of basal filaments, (2) epithallial cells (when observable), (3) presence of cell fusions, (4) conceptacle type, (5) number of cells layers which conceptacle chamber floors are situated below the surrounding thallus surface and (6) for the sporangial pores, the orientation of the filaments around the conceptacle pores. Based on these characters, six taxa were identified encompassing three Corallinaceae (Lithophyllum prototypum, Lithophyllum sp., Spongites sp. and Hydrolithon sp.) and one Hapalidaceae (Phymatolithon calcareum and cf. Phymatolithon sp.). An unidentified coaxial thallus was also present, the coaxial construction ascribing the specimens to the genus Mesophyllum or Neogoniolithon. Taxonomic accounts for the identified taxa are described, illustrated and an identification key is provided. The report of L. prototypum represents the first Miocene record and the preservation of the specimens is very good. Miocene coralline algae seem very consistent among deposits but some species are relevant for particular areas, like in the Azores.

Anatomy of the endolithic Sonoran Desert lichen Verrucaria rubrocincta Breuss: implications for biodeterioration and biomineralization

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank BUNGARTZ ◽  
Laurence A. J. GARVIE ◽  
Thomas H. NASH
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Calcium Oxalates ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Mineralogical Evidence ◽  
Thallus Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

The anatomy of the endolithic, calcicolous lichen Verrucaria rubrocincta Breuss is described using optical and scanning electron microscopy. This lichen is locally abundant in caliche plates of open desert pavements in the Sonoran Desert of south-western Arizona. The endolithic growth of V. rubrocincta is distinctly layered. The upper layer is a fine-grained calcite (micrite). This layer is sparsely penetrated by hyphae and therefore cannot be interpreted as a lithocortex sensu stricto. Beneath the micrite is the photobiont layer. Below this photobiont layer hyphae form a pseudomedulla penetrating up to 1 cm into the caliche. Calcium oxalates occur in the pseudomedulla but are absent from uninhabited caliche. The analogy of a greenhouse describes the ecophysiological adaptations of this endolithic growth to the environmental extremes of the Sonoran Desert. The micrite acts as a roof and the photobiont layer and pseudomedulla represent the greenhouse interior. Verrucaria rubrocincta has thus evolved a strategy to successfully establish and survive within an extreme environment. Our study illustrates biodeterioration and biomineralization processes acting simultaneously within a single lichen species. Mineralogical evidence suggests that the micrite on the thallus surface is biologically induced. The hyphae of the lichen biodeteriorate the caliche thus forming the pseudomedulla. Simultaneously with this process micrite forms at the surface protecting the thallus from exposure and counter-balancing rock degradation. These combined effects of biodeterioration and biomineralization do not markedly accelerate erosion because inhabited and uninhabited areas of the same plate show similar surface heights.

New species and new records of thelotremoid Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) from Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHWANRUAN BUTSATORN PAPONG ◽  
ARMIN MANGOLD ◽  
ROBERT LÜCKING ◽  
H. THORSTEN LUMBSCH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
Secondary Substances ◽  
Thallus Surface

Six new species of thelotremoid Graphidaceae are described from Thailand. Leucodecton confusum Papong, Mangold & Lücking has a densely corticate thallus and small, lepadinoid ascomata with double margin producing small, hyaline, submuriform ascospores. Ocellularia cerebriformis Papong, Lücking & Lumbsch is characterized by a brain-like, folded thallus surface, in combination with small, (sub-)muriform ascospores and protocetraric acid chemistry. Ocellularia kohphangangensis Papong, Mangold & Lücking features an unusual combination of small, brown, submuriform ascospores and the cinchonarum unknown chemistry. Ocellularia pseudopapillata Papong, Mangold & Lücking differs from O. papillata in the uneven-verrucose thallus, the thin, indistinctly fissured proper margin of the ascomata, and the carbonized columella. Ocellularia salazinica Papong, Mangold & Lücking is characterized by the presence of salazinic acid (a rare substance in Graphidaceae), in combination with ascomata resembling those of Rhabdodiscus, and comparatively large, muriform ascospores. A further species of Ocellularia, O. subdolichotata Papong, Mangold & Lumbsch, has a smooth, white thallus, prominent, columellate and carbonized ascomata, large, transversely septate ascospores (smaller than in O. dolichotata), and lacks secondary substances. The following 11 species are new records for Thailand: Chapsa discoides (Stirt.) Lücking, Glaucotrema glaucophaenum (Kremp.) Rivas Plata & Lumbsch, Leucodecton anamalaiense (Patw. & C. R. Kulk.) Rivas Plata & Lücking, Ocellularia fumosa (Ach.) Müll. Arg., O. granulifera (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., O. violacea Räsänen, O. viridipallens Müll. Arg., Rhabdodiscus subcavatus (Nyl.) Rivas Plata & Lumbsch, Stegobolus berkeleyanus Mont., Thelotrema defossum (Müll. Arg.) Mangold, and T. subadjectum Mangold.

Lichenostigma svandae, a new lichenicolous fungus on Acarospora cervina

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan VONDRÁK ◽  
Jaroslav ŠOUN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Thallus Surface

Abstract:The new species Lichenostigma svandae is described. It is known exclusively from Acarospora cervina, where it forms black stromatic hyphal strands and black sack-shaped ascomata on the host thallus surface. It is similar to L. elongatum and L. rouxii, but differs in a few characters. A short overview of the known Lichenostigma species is provided.

scholarly journals A pot-pourri of new species of Trypetheliaceae resulting from molecular phylogenetic studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert LÜCKING ◽  
Matthew P. NELSEN ◽  
André APTROOT ◽  
Michel N. BENATTI ◽  
Nguyen Quoc BINH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Orange Pigment ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Thallus Surface ◽  
Its Barcoding

AbstractBased on separately obtained and analyzed molecular data and within the framework of a global revision of the family Trypetheliaceae, 21 new species are described, from the Neotropics and tropical Asia, in the genera Architrypethelium (1), Astrothelium (15), Bathelium (1), Nigrovothelium (1), Trypethelium (1), and Viridothelium (2), namely: Architrypethelium lauropaluanum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. hyalinum in the perithecia immersed between coarse thallus verrucae and in the additional ascospore septa; Astrothelium aurantiacocinereum Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from A. aeneum in the prominent, well-delimited, trypethelioid pseudostromata and the absence of pigment on the thallus surface, as well as in the barely lichenized thallus; A. carassense Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. purpurascens in orange, K+ red pseudostroma pigment and the slightly larger ascospores; A. cryptolucens Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., differing from A. carrascoense in the inspersed hymenium; A. fijiense Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from A. cinereorosellum in the presence of lichexanthone on the well-delimited pseudostromata and in the slightly shorter ascospores; A. laevithallinum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. endochryseum in the smooth thallus; A. leucosessile Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot sp. nov., differing from A. phlyctaena in the conspicuous, sessile pseudostromata; A. macrostomoides Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Benatti sp. nov., differing from A. macrostomum in the larger ascospores; A. megacrypticum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., differing from A. longisporum in the single-spored asci and larger ascospores; A. nicaraguense Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & T. Orozco sp. nov., differing from A. gigantosporum in the smaller ascospores; A. norisianum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot sp. nov., differing from A. sepultum in the distinct, well-delimited pseudostromata; A. obtectum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Benatti sp. nov., differing from A. nigrocacuminum in the smaller ascospores; A. sordithecium Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. leucothelium in the inspersed hymenium and the absence of lichexanthone from the thallus surface outside the pseudostromata; A. subendochryseum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. endochryseum in the absence of pigment in the pseudostromata and the lateral thallus cover of the pseudostromata; A. subinterjectum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Jungbluth sp. nov., differing from A. obtectum in the smaller pseudostromata and smaller ascospores, and from A. interjectum in the diffuse pseudostromata and smaller ascospores; Bathelium porinosporum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Gueidan sp. nov., differing from other Bathelium species in the 3-septate, euseptate ascospores; Nigrovothelium bullatum Lücking, Upreti & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from N. tropicum in the bullate thallus; Trypethelium tolimense Lücking, Moncada & M. Gut. sp. nov., differing from T. xanthoplatystomum in the absence of a yellow-orange pigment on the pseudostromata and the K+ yellow (not K+ red) medullary pigment; Viridothelium tricolor Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., characterized by black perithecia with a lateral ostiole immersed in white pseudostromata strongly contrasting with the surrounding brown thallus, in combination with 2-spored asci and large, muriform ascospores; and V. vonkonratii Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from V. virens in larger ascospores and mostly solitary ascomata. All species are illustrated and their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are discussed. ITS barcoding sequences are reported for five specimens of Bathelium porinosporum.

INORGANIC CARBON UTILIZATION AND GROWTH ABILITIES IN THE MARINE RED MACROALGA GELIDIOPSIS SP.

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Israel A. ◽  
Michael Friedlander
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Bulk Medium ◽  
Thallus Surface

We studied the effects of NH4+, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), and temperature on growth rates, together with inorganic carbon (Ci) utilization properties of Gelidiopsis sp. cultivated in tanks. At 25% sunlight, weekly growth rates and dry weight yields increased up to 6-fold with increasing NH4+(0–2 mM); however, at 5% or 100% sunlight the effects were much lower. Contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin) increased in correlation with increases of NH4+. Maximal chlorophyll a concentrations occurred under high PPF, while phycoerythrin concentrations were higher at low PPF. Ash amounts in Gelidiopsis sp. did not vary significantly with different NH4+ or PPF levels. Optimal temperatures and PPFs for growth were 20–25 °C and 170–320 μmol m−2 s−1, respectively, correlating with short-term photosynthetic O2 evolution measurements. The pH of both thallus surface and bulk medium increased during photosynthesis, reaching average values of 8.75, and resulting in low rates of O2 evolution. Activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA) were detected inside and outside the cells and were apparently involved in the Ci uptake system of Gelidiopsis sp. since both acetazolamide (membrane-impermeable) and ethoxyzolamide (membrane-permeable) inhibited photosynthetic O2 evolution by 89% on average. Half-maximal rates of photosynthetic O2 evolution (K0.5) were reached at 17 μM CO2 at pH 5.0 and 2–3 mM Ci at pH 8.0, indicating high affinity for CO2 and close to saturated photosynthesis at Ci levels of seawater. Thus the Ci uptake system of Gelidiopsis sp. probably uses an extracellular CA catalyzed conversion of HCO3− to yield CO2, which could diffuse into the cells, and an intracellular CA catalyzed HCO3− ↔ CO2 interconversion which may assure CO2 for Rubisco. Direct uptake of HCO3− may also be required based on the K0.5 (CO2) estimated for Gelidiopsis sp. and the pH generated at the thallus surface at which CO2 concentrations would only be approximately 10 μM. Therefore, in addition to limitations of low NH4+ concentrations and high temperatures during the summer, growth of Gelidiopsis sp. from the Israeli Mediterranean may also be restricted by its limited Ci utilization system and the low CO2 concentrations prevailing in seawater.

Morphology, chemistry and distribution of Melanelia sorediella (Parmeliaceae) and similar species in the Iberian Peninsula

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor J. RICO ◽  
Pieter P. G. van den BOOM ◽  
José María BARRASA
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
South West ◽  
Thallus Surface

Lichen material from the Iberian Peninsula of Melanelia commixta, M. hepatizon and M. sorediella has been studied and compared on the basis of morphology, chemistry, habitat and distribution. The new combination Melanelia sorediella is proposed and Cetraria commixta f. sorediella is lectotypified. Chemotypes I and III have been detected in M. commixta. Melanelia sorediella is characterized mainly by the formation of pycnoisidia and soralia-like structures in the lamina and margins of the thallus and by the absence of pseudocyphellae and apothecia. The pycnoisidium is here described as a combination of isidia-like proliferations of the thallus surface containing pycnidia, carrying algae and acting as vegetative symbiotic propagules. Non detached pycnoisidia grow into lobuli in central parts of the thallus, regenerating it. Pycnoisidia, soralia-like areas and lobuli are formed as a consequence of pycnidia development. Melanelia sorediella is morphologically and chemically close to M. commixta and is currently known from mountains of central and south-west Europe where it grows on acid rocks. In south-western Europe, the meridional limit of the distribution of the three species studied seems to be located in the mountains of the central part of the Iberian Peninsula (Sistema Central Ibérico). Relevant data on the three species are provided and a key is also included.

An Sem Study of Injury Symptoms in Parmotrema Reticulatum Treated With Paraquat or Growing in Sulphur Dioxide-Polluted Air

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Modenesi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Visible Symptom ◽  
Thallus Surface ◽  
Crystalline Deposition

AbstractThe effect of Paraquat, a herbicide known to stimulate oxygen-centred free-radical production in green plants, is compared with visible injury symptoms due to air pollution in Parmotrema reticulatum, an SO2-sensitive lichen species. This is in order to verify the hypothesized SO2 toxicity mechanism via the generation of free radicals. A new SEM-visible symptom is described: the production of heavy crystalline deposition on the thallus surface in SO2-stressed and Paraquat-treated specimens. The examination of the crystalline deposition by X-ray diffraction, correlated with SEM studies, showed that it is calcium oxalate (weddellite).

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