The efficiency of biological oxygen demand removal in domestic wastewater treatment using multi soil layering

Rural wastewater treatment is mostly ignored in developing and undeveloped countries. The most important barrier for addressing to this problem is cost of treatment and simplified technology. Aerobic Brickbat Grit Sand (ABGS) purifier consists of four stages. Wastewater flows gravitationally through partition walls in zigzag pattern with brick bats filter; Pebble sand filter and charcoal and grit filter which facilitate removal of contaminants from domestic wastewater. In the present study, experimental model for domestic wastewater treatment was setup in the Environmental Engineering laboratory at Government College of Engineering Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Physiochemical analysis was done in August and September of 2016 the percentage removal of contaminants results shows Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 92% - 87%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 93 - 89%, Total Suspended Solids( TSS) 80 - 78% and Turbidity 95 - 85%. The process is considered eco-friendly and easy to install technology for domestic wastewater treatment with use of locally available material. ABGS purifier is decentralized approach of domestic wastewater treatment. Hence ABGS as an alternative solution to tackle over the problem of rural wastewater treatment.

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Prediction of Effluent Chemical Oxygen Demand and Suspended Solids From a Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant Using SVM and ANN

10.1016/b978-0-12-824463-0.00018-5 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 275-288

Author(s):

Sakaa Bachir ◽

Boudibi Samir ◽

Chaffai Hicham ◽

Hani Azzedine

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment

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Domestic wastewater treatment with household-scale constructed wetland system using water fern plant (Azolla pinnata)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/894/1/012032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 894 (1) ◽

pp. 012032

Author(s):

A Magfhira ◽

P Kinasih ◽

D Salsabila ◽

E Marchella ◽

M F Fachrul

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Azolla Pinnata ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Abstract The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to analyze more deeply the management of the quality of the aquatic environment, especially regarding the treatment of domestic wastewater on a household scale. Domestic wastewater treatment with a constructed land system using Air Fern (Azolla pinnata) is expected to reduce concentration parameters such as BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and Ammonia. The growth rate of Air Fern (Azolla pinnata) after acclimatization is quite good so that it can reduce BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and Ammonia, which are a source of nutrients for plant growth so that it can be used as a promising material for plant growth. It can be used as a promising material for plant growth domestic wastewater treatment. The analysis was carried out using the blended concept, a combination of virtual, online, and laboratory/field activities (offline/outside the network) while still paying attention to health protocols. The priority of this literature study research is to provide input for the government in the form of alternative solutions for managing the quality of the aquatic environment, especially regarding domestic wastewater treatment on a household scale. In addition, this research also supports the international Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program: Goal 6: Access to Clean Water and Sanitation” in point 3, namely “Improving water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating waste disposal, and minimizing the disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally”. This research can contribute to appropriate technology in environmental biotechnology, namely wastewater treatment with a system that has simple technology, low cost, energy-saving and is environmentally friendly, which can create a level of hygiene and comfort for the community and maintain environmental sustainability future.

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Performance of multi-soil-layering (MSL) urban domestic wastewater treatment system

Civil and Environmental Science ◽

10.21776/ub.civense.2020.00301.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 003 (01) ◽

pp. 037-050

Author(s):

Riyanto Haribowo ◽

T Prayogo ◽

N Shaleha ◽

K Hafni

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Treatment System ◽

Wastewater Treatment System ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽

Soil Layering

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EFEKTIFITAS SISTEM LAHAN BASAH BUATAN DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR RUMAH SAKIT-X (Effectiveness of Artificial Wetland System in Processing Liquid Waste of Hospital-X)

Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan ◽

10.22146/jml.52179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Atieka Wulandari ◽

Rossie Wiedya Nusantara ◽

Muhammad Sofwan Anwari

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Control Plant ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Biological Oxygen Demand ◽

Artificial Wetland ◽

Canna Indica ◽

Colour Parameter

AbstrakLahan basah buatan adalah sistem yang melibatkan tanaman, tanah, mikroba sebagai pengolahan limbah cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektifitas sistem lahan basah buatan dalam pengolahan limbah cair rumah sakit X dan mengkaji kemampuan jenis tanaman Canna Indica, Echinodorus palaefolius dan Iris pseudoacorus sebagai biofilter limbah cair rumah sakit X . Lahan basah buatan dibuat menggunakan media pasir, karbon aktif, dan kerikil dalam skala laboratorium. Analisis data menggunakan uji Anova dan Uji BNT dengan penggunaan jenis tanaman sebagai perlakuan biofilter, yaitu Canna Indica, Echinodorus palaefolius plant, Iris pseudoacorus, penggabungan ketiga tanaman, dan tidak ada tanaman sebagai kontrol. Waktu detensi 3, 6, dan 9 hari sebagai perlakuan hari dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter utama adalah Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan amoniak. Parameter pendukung warna, bau, suhu, dan pH. Lahan basah buatan terbukti efektif dalam pengolahan limbah cair rumah sakit X dan ada perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh beda nyata terhadap perubahan kualitas air limbah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efisiensi penurunan BOD dan COD terjadi pada waktu detensi 6 hari. Variasi waktu berpengaruh terhadap penurunan konsentrasi BOD dan COD. Penggabungan ketiga tanaman (C. Indica, E. palaefolius dan I. pseudoacorus) terbukti efektif sebagai biofilter dalam penurunan parameter pH (11,2%) dan warna (27,4%), serta tanaman Echinodorus palaefolius terbukti efektif sebagai biofilter dalam penurunan parameter amoniak (34%), namun pengggunaan tanaman (biofilter) dalam lahan basah buatan tidak terbukti efektif pada penurunan BOD, COD, dan suhu. Hasil penelitian ini telah memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh Permen KLHK No: P. 68/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/8/2016 tentang Baku mutu air Limbah domestik.AbstractAn artificial wetland is a system which involves plants, soil, and microbes in the wastewater treatment. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of artificial wetland to be used for the hospital’s wastewater treatment. It also reviews the role of Canna Indica, Echinodorus palaefolius, and Iris pseudoacorus to serve as biofilters of the hospital’s wastewater. The artificial wetland is made of sand, active carbon, and gravels in lab-scale amount. The data was analysed by using Anova test and BNT test. The analysis involved several types of plants serving as a biofilter treatment, namely Canna Indica, Echinodurus palaefolius, Iris pseudoacorus, and the combination of these three plants. None served as a control plant. The detention times were 3, 6, and 9 days compounded with three-time repetitions. The main parameters were Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and amoniak. Supporing parameters included colour, odor, temperature, and pH. The artificial wetland was considered effective in the hospital’s wastewater treatment. The results also documented that some treatments had a significantly different effect towards the change of wastewater quality. The research indicated that the efficiency of BOD’s and COD’s decline occured at 6 days of detention. The variety of time affected the concetration decline of BOD and COD. The combination of three plants (E. palaefolius, I. pseudoacorus, and C. Indica) was proven effective as a biofilter which reduces pH parameter (11,2%) and colour parameter (27,4%). In addition, The Echinodorus palaefolius plant was reported effective to reduce amoniak parameter (34%). However, the use of plants (biofilter) in the artificial wetland was not effective towards the decline of BOD, COD, and temperature. The results of this research therefore have met the requirement stipulated by the Goverment regulation of KLHK (Ministry of Environment and Forestry) No : P.68/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/8/2016 on the quality standards of the domestic wastewater.

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Domestic wastewater treatment by a constructed wetland system planted with rice

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2011.806 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (12) ◽

pp. 2376-2380 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Suwasa Kantawanichkul ◽

Wanida Duangjaisak

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Retention Time ◽

Paddy Field ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Biological Oxygen Demand ◽

Removal Efficiencies

The experiments were conducted in four concrete laboratory scale free water surface constructed wetland units 1 m wide, 1.5 m long and 0.8 m deep. Paddy field soil was added to a depth of 0.4 m and rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) were transplanted into the units at a density of 25 plants/m2. Domestic wastewater collected from Chiang Mai University was applied into each unit via two different modes to evaluate suitable conditions for wastewater treatment and rice yield. In the first experiment, the wastewater was fed intermittently (7 h/day) with a hydraulic loading rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm/day. The maximum removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total kjedahl nitrogen and suspended solids were only 49.1, 58.7, 64.0 and 59.4%, respectively, due to the short hydraulic retention time for the biodegradation of organic substances. In the second experiment, the wastewater in each unit was inundated to a depth of 15 cm for 10, 15, 20 and 25 days in each unit and then drained and re-flooded. Removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total kjedahl nitrogen and suspended solids were greater than in the first experiment especially at the 25 day retention time and except for suspended solids met the Thai national effluent standard. The study revealed that apart from wastewater treatment, wastewater can replace natural water to grow rice in the dry season or throughout the year. Moreover, nutrients in wastewater can be a substitute for chemical fertilizers. Rice grain production was 4,700 kg/ha and only 6% less than the production from the conventional paddy field.

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Simultaneous COD and Nitrogen Removal in Up-Flow Microaerobic-Oxic (M/O) Process for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2739 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 838-841 ◽

pp. 2739-2744

Author(s):

Shuang Zhao ◽

Cui Ping Wang

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Energy Use ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽

Stable Performance ◽

Biological Nitrogen

A novel process for improving the energy use and treatment efficiency of the biological nitrogen removal process, up-flow microaerobic-oxic (M/O) process which is composed of up-flow micro-aerobic and aeration was proposed based on a laboratory scale for domestic wastewater treatment, the dissolved oxygen (DO) in up-flow micro-aerobic was in the range of (0~0.5) mg/L. The M/O process performance under different hydraulic retention time (HRT) and Internal return ratio (r) was investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) were 89.1%, 64.1%, and 96.6 % with effluent concentrations of COD, TN and NH4+-N less than 50,15 and 8mg/L, respectively. The distribution of sludge particles diameter and microbial activity of activated sludge were also measured, the mean particle diameter was in the range of 180~250μm and the SOURT was 13.11 mgO2/(gMLVSSh). Up-flow micro-aerobic (M/O) reactor has the advantages of more stable performance and better resistance to the load shock than the conventional A/O process within continuous running period of 130 days.

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Integrated Processes of Anoxic/Oxic Bioreactor and Artificial Wetland for Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2526 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 2526-2529 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Leju Celestino Ladu ◽

Xi Wu Lu ◽

Ahmed Mohammed Osman

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Taihu Lake ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Artificial Wetland ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽

Recycle Ratio ◽

Environmental Laboratory ◽

Integrated Processes

This paper examined the treatment of rural domestic wastewater. Influent and effluent samples were experimented for Chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, NO3--N and TP in the Taihu Lake Environmental laboratory of Southeast University in Wuxi. Different hydraulic retention time (HRT) and recycle ratios were applied to appraise their influence on removal efficiency. The wastewater temperature was controlled between 20 to 24°C and pH ranges 7.6 – 8.1. The result revealed average COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N and TP removal efficiencies of 77.2, 74.1, 94 and 83% with optimum HRT of 3hrs and recycle ratio of 2 respectively. The obtained results confirmed that, the integrated processes of anoxic/oxic bioreactor and artificial wetland was viable and proficient in domestic wastewater treatment.

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