CaO Nanoparticles

Adsorption is widely acknowledged as one of the best options that are available for the removal of contaminants from water. Contamination of water does not only create water scarcity, but it has the capacity to generate and transfer several environmental problems including threat to public health. This chapter reviewed calcium oxide nanoparticle (CaONP) as a noble metal oxide for the removal of contaminants from water. The review is concentrated in the general overview of water contamination, metal oxide nanoparticles, general application of CaONP, synthetic methods, characterization method, and applications. The chapter observed that little is done on the use of CaONP for the removal of contaminants from water except for dyes, some heavy metal ions, and few organic/inorganic compounds. It is also observed that CaONP can be applied as adsorbent and in photocatalytic degradation of dye. Suggestions are made on the possibility of utilizing local raw materials that are easily accessible, cheap, and environmental sources of raw materials for the synthesis of CaONP.

Use of vegetation for the removal of pollutants from wastewater as an alternative environmental technique for wastewater treatment

The paper focuses on the evaluation of the use of vegetation for the removal of contaminants from wastewater through vegetation-based wastewater treatment plants. Subsequently, the specific efficiencies of wastewater treatment using a selected vegetation-based wastewater treatment plant are evaluated. The results show that vegetation-based wastewater treatment plants generally work at relatively high treatment efficiency, but one of the main factors influencing the treatment efficiency is the values of pollution indicators at the inflow to the wastewater treatment plant.