scholarly journals Cytoanatomical marker traits of the ploidy level in fruit and berry crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
M L Dubrovsky ◽  
R V Papikhin ◽  
S A Muratova
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Cytological Diagnosis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

Abstract For use in breeding work, the methods of complex accelerated cytological diagnosis of genotypes of fruit and berry crops with an altered ploidy level were optimized. The proposed diagnostic method was tested on polyploids of the genus Malus, Fragaria, Ribes, Rubus, rowan-pear hybrids and is recommended for wide scientific and practical application in the plant breeding and cytology. The effectiveness of this method is ensured by its availability and reliable statistical differences in accounting parameters. In a comprehensive cytological diagnosis of forms of fruit and berry crops with an increased level of ploidy, it is proposed to first study the morphoanatomical traits (sizes and proportions of stomatal guard cells, the number of chloroplasts in them, the diameter of pollen grains). This will significantly reduce the time of laboratory analysis and field assessment by deleting forms with unchanged indicator values.

scholarly journals Ploidy Determination in Musa Germplasm Using Pollen and Chloroplast Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tenkouano ◽  
J.H. Crouch ◽  
H.K. Crouch ◽  
D. Vuylsteke
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Pollen Count ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Chloroplast Number ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
Ploidy Status

We attempted to determine ploidy level in the gametophyte and the sporophyte of Musa using pollen and chloroplast characteristics, respectively. In the gametophyte, interploidy differences accounted for 63.8% of the genetic variance for pollen diameter and 87.5% for pollen stainability, the remainder being attributable to intraploidy differences among clones. While pollen count and stainability effectively separated triploid accessions from diploids or tetraploids, they did not discriminate between diploids and tetraploids. In the sporophyte, the relative contributions of interploidy and intraploidy differences to genetic variation in the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells were 70.8% and 29.2%, respectively. Although pollen diameter and chloroplast number increased with ploidy, the use of the sporophytic parameter appears to provide a more satisfactory means of estimating ploidy status in Musa.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Ploidy Level Diversity by Chloroplast Counts in Stomatal Guard Cells of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Mutants

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emmy Chepkoech ◽  
Miriam G. Kinyua ◽  
Oliver Kiplagat ◽  
Julius Ochuodho ◽  
Souleymane Bado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

Aims: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most important staple food in the world and plays an important role in food and nutritional security. Induced mutation generates variation within potato germplasm to widen the genetic base for breeding purposes. Polyploidy modifies both the genotype and phenotype of an organism, generating diverse changes that consequently transform the potato production. Potato has chromosomes with different ploidy levels which can be determined by counting chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells. Study Design:  The study was carried out in completely randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, between February 2015 and July 2016. Methodology: The study involved 163 potato mutants developed from three commercially grown Kenyan potato varieties; Asante, Mpya, and Sherekea irradiated using gamma rays from 60Co source under different dose rates. Three middle leaves of greenhouse-grown plants were randomly selected for chloroplast counts in ten pairs of stomata guard cells on the lower surface of the leaf. Data on the number of chloroplast counts per mutant was calculated as a percentage of the parents or control and descriptive analysis. Results: The results indicate that the number of ploidy level distribution was decreasing in diploids and triploids and were increasing in tetraploids from M1V1, M1V2 to M1V3 in all the potato mutant populations. Conclusion: This shows that mutation induction generates genetic variations from which desired mutants may be selected based on the appropriate breeding strategies.

scholarly journals Estimations of apoplastic concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ in the vicinity of stomatal guard cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. R. SILVA ◽  
SARAH J. HONOUR ◽  
T. A. MANSFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

scholarly journals Stomatal Guard Cells Co-opted an Ancient ABA-Dependent Desiccation Survival System to Regulate Stomatal Closure

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Lind ◽  
Ingo Dreyer ◽  
Enrique J. López-Sanjurjo ◽  
Katharina von Meyer ◽  
Kimitsune Ishizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

scholarly journals Submicroscopical Features of Leaves of Xyris Species

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Sajo ◽  
Silvia Rodrigues Machado
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
Adaptative Significance ◽  
Scanning Electron

The leaf ultrastructure of five Xyris species were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and histochemical methods. All studied leaves show some features in epidermis and mesophyll, which were of considerable adaptative significance to drought stress. Such features included the occurrence of a pectic layer on the stomatal guard cells and the presence of a network of pectic compounds in the cuticle. Pectic compunds were also in abundance in lamellated walls of the mesophyll cells and on the inner surface of the sclerified cell walls of the vascular bundle sheaths. There were also specialized chlorenchymatous "peg cells" in the mesophyll and drops of phenolic compounds inside the epidermal cells.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Detection of Blue Light-Induced Phosphorylation of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase in Stomatal Guard Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Hayashi ◽  
Shin-ichiro Inoue ◽  
Koji Takahashi ◽  
Toshinori Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

scholarly journals Can prolonged exposure to low VPD disturb the ABA signalling in stomatal guard cells?

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 3551-3566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasan Aliniaeifard ◽  
Uulke van Meeteren
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells
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