Study on the Relationship Between the Ploidy Level of Microspore-Derived Plants and the Number of Chloroplast in Stomatal Guard Cells in Brassica oleracea

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-xia YUAN ◽  
Yu-mei LIU ◽  
Zhi-yuan FANG ◽  
Li-mei YANG ◽  
Mu ZHUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Ploidy Determination in Musa Germplasm Using Pollen and Chloroplast Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tenkouano ◽  
J.H. Crouch ◽  
H.K. Crouch ◽  
D. Vuylsteke
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Pollen Count ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Chloroplast Number ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
Ploidy Status

We attempted to determine ploidy level in the gametophyte and the sporophyte of Musa using pollen and chloroplast characteristics, respectively. In the gametophyte, interploidy differences accounted for 63.8% of the genetic variance for pollen diameter and 87.5% for pollen stainability, the remainder being attributable to intraploidy differences among clones. While pollen count and stainability effectively separated triploid accessions from diploids or tetraploids, they did not discriminate between diploids and tetraploids. In the sporophyte, the relative contributions of interploidy and intraploidy differences to genetic variation in the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells were 70.8% and 29.2%, respectively. Although pollen diameter and chloroplast number increased with ploidy, the use of the sporophytic parameter appears to provide a more satisfactory means of estimating ploidy status in Musa.

scholarly journals Cytoanatomical marker traits of the ploidy level in fruit and berry crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
M L Dubrovsky ◽  
R V Papikhin ◽  
S A Muratova
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Cytological Diagnosis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

Abstract For use in breeding work, the methods of complex accelerated cytological diagnosis of genotypes of fruit and berry crops with an altered ploidy level were optimized. The proposed diagnostic method was tested on polyploids of the genus Malus, Fragaria, Ribes, Rubus, rowan-pear hybrids and is recommended for wide scientific and practical application in the plant breeding and cytology. The effectiveness of this method is ensured by its availability and reliable statistical differences in accounting parameters. In a comprehensive cytological diagnosis of forms of fruit and berry crops with an increased level of ploidy, it is proposed to first study the morphoanatomical traits (sizes and proportions of stomatal guard cells, the number of chloroplasts in them, the diameter of pollen grains). This will significantly reduce the time of laboratory analysis and field assessment by deleting forms with unchanged indicator values.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Ploidy Level Diversity by Chloroplast Counts in Stomatal Guard Cells of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Mutants

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emmy Chepkoech ◽  
Miriam G. Kinyua ◽  
Oliver Kiplagat ◽  
Julius Ochuodho ◽  
Souleymane Bado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

Aims: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most important staple food in the world and plays an important role in food and nutritional security. Induced mutation generates variation within potato germplasm to widen the genetic base for breeding purposes. Polyploidy modifies both the genotype and phenotype of an organism, generating diverse changes that consequently transform the potato production. Potato has chromosomes with different ploidy levels which can be determined by counting chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells. Study Design:  The study was carried out in completely randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, between February 2015 and July 2016. Methodology: The study involved 163 potato mutants developed from three commercially grown Kenyan potato varieties; Asante, Mpya, and Sherekea irradiated using gamma rays from 60Co source under different dose rates. Three middle leaves of greenhouse-grown plants were randomly selected for chloroplast counts in ten pairs of stomata guard cells on the lower surface of the leaf. Data on the number of chloroplast counts per mutant was calculated as a percentage of the parents or control and descriptive analysis. Results: The results indicate that the number of ploidy level distribution was decreasing in diploids and triploids and were increasing in tetraploids from M1V1, M1V2 to M1V3 in all the potato mutant populations. Conclusion: This shows that mutation induction generates genetic variations from which desired mutants may be selected based on the appropriate breeding strategies.

scholarly journals Estimations of apoplastic concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ in the vicinity of stomatal guard cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. R. SILVA ◽  
SARAH J. HONOUR ◽  
T. A. MANSFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

scholarly journals Stomatal Guard Cells Co-opted an Ancient ABA-Dependent Desiccation Survival System to Regulate Stomatal Closure

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Lind ◽  
Ingo Dreyer ◽  
Enrique J. López-Sanjurjo ◽  
Katharina von Meyer ◽  
Kimitsune Ishizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

scholarly journals Submicroscopical Features of Leaves of Xyris Species

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Sajo ◽  
Silvia Rodrigues Machado
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
Adaptative Significance ◽  
Scanning Electron

The leaf ultrastructure of five Xyris species were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and histochemical methods. All studied leaves show some features in epidermis and mesophyll, which were of considerable adaptative significance to drought stress. Such features included the occurrence of a pectic layer on the stomatal guard cells and the presence of a network of pectic compounds in the cuticle. Pectic compunds were also in abundance in lamellated walls of the mesophyll cells and on the inner surface of the sclerified cell walls of the vascular bundle sheaths. There were also specialized chlorenchymatous "peg cells" in the mesophyll and drops of phenolic compounds inside the epidermal cells.

Cytokinin- and auxin-induced stomatal opening involves a decrease in levels of hydrogen peroxide in guard cells of Vicia faba

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Gui Song ◽  
Xiao-Ping She ◽  
Jun-Min He ◽  
Chen Huang ◽  
Tu-sheng Song
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Diphenylene Iodonium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exogenous H2o2

Previous studies have shown that cytokinins and auxins can induce the opening of stomata. However, the mechanism of stomatal opening caused by cytokinins and auxins remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in guard cells and stomatal opening induced by cytokinins and auxins in Vicia faba. By means of stomatal bioassay and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we provide evidence that cytokinins and auxins reduced the levels of H2O2 in guard cells and induced stomatal opening in darkness. Additionally, cytokinins not only reduced exogenous H2O2 levels in guard cells caused by exposure to light, but also abolished H2O2 that had been generated during a dark period, and promoted stomatal opening, as did ascorbic acid (ASA, an important reducing substrate for H2O2 removal). However, unlike cytokinins, auxins did not reduce exogenous H2O2, did not abolish H2O2 that had been generated in the dark, and therefore did not promote reopening of stoma induced to close in the dark. The above-mentioned effects of auxins were similar to that of diphenylene iodonium (DPI, an inhibitor of the H2O2-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase). Taken together our results indicate that cytokinins probably reduce the levels of H2O2 in guard cells by scavenging, whereas auxins limit H2O2 levels through restraining H2O2 generation, inducing stomatal opening in darkness.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Detection of Blue Light-Induced Phosphorylation of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase in Stomatal Guard Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Hayashi ◽  
Shin-ichiro Inoue ◽  
Koji Takahashi ◽  
Toshinori Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on the growth of broccoli (brassica oleracea l. var. italica plenck) cv. fiesta

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Kałużewicz ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesiński ◽  
Mikołaj Knaflewski ◽  
Jolanta Lisiecka ◽  
Tomasz Spiżewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Temperature Sum ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Three-year studies on the influence of temperature on vegetative growth and growth of broccoli heads (Brassica oleracea var. italica cv. Fiesta) were carried out at the Experimental Station “Marcelin” of Poznań University of Life Sciences in Poland. The relationship between temperature sum day-degree, number and area of leaves as well as head diameter was estimated. Likewise relationship between number and area of leaves and head diameter was established. The correlations were described using linear, curvilinear and segment linear regression. The relationship between temperature sum day-degree and number of leaves was linear, whereas the correlation between temperature and area of leaves and head diameter was curves function. On the basis of segment linear regression it was found that in the period when slow growth of heads was observed (the size of up to about 1.5 cm), the area of leaves increased the fastest. It occurred between the 24th and 27th day after planting. The fastest growth of broccoli heads was noted, when the plant had about 18 leaves and area 4900 cm2. In the period of rapid head growth, the increase of sum temperature of 100 day-degree resulted in head diameter increase by 3.5 cm.

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