scholarly journals Assessment of the Ploidy Level Diversity by Chloroplast Counts in Stomatal Guard Cells of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Mutants

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emmy Chepkoech ◽  
Miriam G. Kinyua ◽  
Oliver Kiplagat ◽  
Julius Ochuodho ◽  
Souleymane Bado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

Aims: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most important staple food in the world and plays an important role in food and nutritional security. Induced mutation generates variation within potato germplasm to widen the genetic base for breeding purposes. Polyploidy modifies both the genotype and phenotype of an organism, generating diverse changes that consequently transform the potato production. Potato has chromosomes with different ploidy levels which can be determined by counting chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells. Study Design:  The study was carried out in completely randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, between February 2015 and July 2016. Methodology: The study involved 163 potato mutants developed from three commercially grown Kenyan potato varieties; Asante, Mpya, and Sherekea irradiated using gamma rays from 60Co source under different dose rates. Three middle leaves of greenhouse-grown plants were randomly selected for chloroplast counts in ten pairs of stomata guard cells on the lower surface of the leaf. Data on the number of chloroplast counts per mutant was calculated as a percentage of the parents or control and descriptive analysis. Results: The results indicate that the number of ploidy level distribution was decreasing in diploids and triploids and were increasing in tetraploids from M1V1, M1V2 to M1V3 in all the potato mutant populations. Conclusion: This shows that mutation induction generates genetic variations from which desired mutants may be selected based on the appropriate breeding strategies.

scholarly journals Determinación de la ploidía en accesiones de papas nativas (Solanum tuberosum grupo Andigenum) procedentes del Banco de Germoplasma vegetal de CORPOICA

Respuestas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Manuel Alejandro Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Genetic Base

 Antecedentes. Las colecciones de germoplasma buscan ampliar la base genética para que los mejoradores dispongan de genotipos deseables. En Colombia hay gran diversidad de papas (Solanum tuberosum L.), que son conservadas y usadas en el mejoramiento genético del cultivo. Es importante contar con mayor información de las accesiones, como los niveles de ploidía, lo que permitiría reforzar las estrategias de uso y aprovechamiento de la diversidad genética en esquemas de pre-mejoramiento. Objetivo. Determinar la ploidía de 30 accesiones de S. tuberosum grupo Andigenum, del Banco de Germoplasma, administrado por CORPOICA. Método. Se realizó el conteo de cloroplastos en células guarda y conteo de cromosomas en células somáticas de punta de raíz, siguiendo procedimientos convencionales. Resultados. Se identificaron tres accesiones diploides (2n = 2x= 24), que a la vez, presentaron 7 a 8 cloroplastos en las células guarda, el resto de accesiones fueron tetraploides (2n = 4x = 48) que a su vez, presentaron 12 a 14 cloroplastos en sus células guarda. Conclusión. Se encontró correspondencia entre el número de cromosomas y el número de cloroplastos, lo cual permitió verificar dos niveles de ploidía en los materiales estudiados, todos correspondientes a S. tuberosum grupo Andigenum.Palabras clave: cloroplastos, cromosomas, citogenética, papa.AbstractBackground. Germplasm collections seek to broaden the genetic base for breeders to have desirable genotypes. In Colombia there is a great diversity of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), which are conserved and used in the genetic improvement of the crop. For this reason it is important to know the genotype of the accessions by cytogenetic techniques; which allows to reinforce the taxonomic identification to be used in schemes of pre-improvement. Objective. To determine the ploidy of 30 accessions of S. tuberosum group andigenum, from the Germplasm Bank, administered by Corpoica. Method. Chloroplasts were counted in guard cells and counts of chromosomes in somatic cells of root tip, following conventional procedures. Results. Three diploid accessions (2n = 2x = 24) were identified, which at the same time presented 7 to 8 chloroplasts in the guard cells, the remaining accessions were tetraploids (2n = 4x = 48), which in turn presented 12 to 14 Chloroplasts in their guard cells. Conclusion. Correspondence was found between the number of chromosomes and the number of chloroplasts. This allowed to verify two ploidy levels in the materials under study, all belonging to S. tuberosum group Andigenum.Keywords: chloroplasts, chromosomes, cytogenetic, potato.ResumoBackground. coleções de germoplasma buscam ampliar a base genética disponível para criadores de genótipos desejáveis. Em Colômbia existe uma grande diversidade de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.), que são preservados e utilizados na reprodução de culturas. É importante ter mais informações sobre os acessos, tais como níveis de ploidia, que iria fortalecer estratégias de utilização e exploração da diversidade genética em esquemas pré-aperfeiçoamento. Objetivo. Determinar a ploidia de 30 acessos de grupo de S. tuberosum andigenum, a Genebank, CORPOICA administrado. Método. contando cloroplastos em células guarda e foi realizada cromossoma contagem de células somáticas no ponta da raiz, seguindo procedimentos padrão. Resultados. três acessos diplóides (2n = 2x = 24), o qual, por sua vez, teve foram identificadas 7 a 8 cloroplastos em células guarda, outros acessos foram tetraplóide (2n = 4x = 48) que, por sua vez, apresentaram 12 a 14 cloroplastos em suas células salvo. Conclusão. correspondência entre o número de cromossomas e o número de cloroplastos encontrado, o que permitiu verificar dois níveis de ploidia nos materiais estudados, todos tuberosum grupo correspondente S. andigenum.Palavras-chave: cloroplastos, cromossomos, citogenética, papa.

scholarly journals Teknik Inokulasi Buatan Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Cincin Bakteri, pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Djaya ◽  
Ineu Sulastrini ◽  
Iin Rusita
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Rot Disease

ABSTRACT Inoculation Techniques of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the Cause of Bacterial Ring Rot Disease, on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the cause of bacterial ring rot disease on potatoes, has been detected in potato fields in Pangalengan. To anticipate the spread of the pathogen, researches on the desease epidemiology are urgent to be carried out. Artificial inoculation techniques will be useful in the epidemiological studies. The objective of this reasearch was to evaluate some inoculation techniques, which are simple, cheap and fast in causing disease symptoms. The experiment was carried out at the laboratory and glasshouse of Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang. The experiment was arranged in the randomized block design with five treatments of inoculation technique and five replications. The treatments were (a) soaking wounded seed tubers in pathogen suspension, (b) soaking not wounded seed tubers in pathogen suspension, (c) pathogen suspension was injected into leaf axil, (d) pathogen suspension was injected into seed tubers, and (e) pathogen suspension was poured into the planting holes. The results showed that stabbing and soaking tubers in pathogen suspension caused the shortest incubation period (17 days after inoculation) and the highest disease incidence (60%). Keywords : Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Bacterial ring rot, Potatoes, Inoculation techniquesABSTRAKClavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms), penyebab penyakit busuk cincin bakteri pada tanaman kentang, telah terdeteksi keberadaannya pada pertanaman kentang di Pangalengan. Dalam upaya mencegah penyebaran penyakit busuk cincin bakteri di Indonesia, perlu adanya studi epidemiologi patogen tersebut. Pada penelitian epidemiologi akan diperlukan cara menginokulasi tanaman secara buatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan teknik inokulasi buatan yang dapat menyebabkan periode inkubasi yang lebih singkat dan persentase kejadian penyakit busuk cincin bakteri paling tinggi pada tanaman kentang. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan laboratorium penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang. Percobaan dirancang secara rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan teknik inokulasi Cms dan lima ulangan, yaitu inokulasi dengan (a) merendam ubi benih yang telah dilukai dalam suspensi bakteri, (b) merendam ubi benih tanpa dilukai dalam suspensi bakteri, (c) suspensi bakteri ditusukkan pada ketiak daun tanaman kentang, (d) suspensi bakteri ditusukkan pada ubi benih, dan (e) suspensi bakteri disiramkan pada lubang tanam. Masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari lima tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari lima teknik inokulasi buatan yang dilakukan, inokulasi dengan melukai ubi benih dan merendamnya dalam suspensi patogen menghasilkanJurnal Agrikultura 2016, 27 (2): 66-71ISSN 0853-2885Teknik Inokulasi Buatan Clavibacter….67periode inkubasi tersingkat, yaitu 17 hari setelah inokulasi, dan persentase kejadian penyakit tertinggi yaitu sebesar 60%.Kata Kunci : Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Busuk cincin bakteri, Kentang, Inokulasi buatan

scholarly journals Effects of Time of Earthing Up on Yield and Yield Parameters of Irish Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) in Zaka District, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p39
Author(s):  
Nyasha Sakadzo ◽  
Fortune Tafirenyika ◽  
Kasirayi Makaza
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Four Levels

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is a strategic national food security crop in that can be used as a supplement for carbohydrates. It is the fastest growing staple food crop and source of income for poor smallholder farmers. There is limited documentation on effects of earthing up irish potatoes on yield and yield components in Zimbabwe. A field experiment was conducted in Zaka district of Masvingo province in Zimbabwe during the 2018/19 cropping season. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of time of earthing up on yield and yield parameters of BP1 potato variety. The treatments consisted of four levels of time of earthing up (no earthing up (control), three, four and five weeks after plant emergence), replicated three times on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results on earthing-up at three weeks recorded significantly (P<0.013) the highest total tuber yield (21.97 t ha-1) which is 10% higher compared to no earthing up which recorded 14.43 t ha-1. Moreover, earthing up at two weeks had the least number of greening tuber yield (3%), 11% pest damaged tuber yield, 6% unmarketable tuber yield and 45% marketable tuber yield. This is in contrast with no earthing up which recorded 91% greening tuber yield, 25.3% on pest damaged tubers, 59% on unmarketable tubers and 10% marketable tuber yield. Based on the results, first earthing up should be done at three weeks after complete plant emergence at the study area under rain fed conditions for the production of potatoes with improved yield and better tuber quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Vermicompost and Compound inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Phosphate Availability and Yield of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown in Andisols

Agrologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginawanti Hindersah ◽  
Agnia Nabila ◽  
Ani Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) which are comonly grown  in the highland with Andisols require organic and inorganic fertilizers to maintain soil health  and increase yield. The purpose of field experiment  was to obtain information on the effect of vermicompost with and without NPK fertilizer  on soil acidity,  soil phosphor (P) availability and P uptake in potatoes shoot; as well as yield and quality of tuber. The experimental design was a randomized block design with eight treatments and three replication. The treatment consisted of a combination of vermicompost doses (5 and 10 t/ha)  with NPK fertilizer doses (0; 0.5 t/ha and 1 t/ha). The two control treatments were 1) without fertilizer and 2) the method of fertilizing local farmers included 10 t /ha chicken manure and 1 t/ha NPK fertilizer. This experiment verified  that vermicompost and NPK fertilizer increased plant height as well as soil P availability and acidity compared to those of control. Vermicompost has not yet substitute chicken manure to obtain the same tuber production although the percentage of marketable tuber was quite similar.  Keywords : Andisols, NPK Fertilizer, Phosphorus, Potato, Vermicompost.

scholarly journals engaruh Dosis Pupuk NPK dan Ordo Tanah terhadap Kdd, Serapan K, dan Hasil Bibit Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) yang Diinokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria

SoilREns ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Windy Amorita ◽  
Anne Nurbaity ◽  
Diyan Herdiyantoro
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

The productivity of potatoes in Indonesia is relatively low and unstable caused by unsuitable enviromental and soil conditions and bad cultivation system. This research was conducted to study the effect of NPK fertilizer dosages and soil order to soluble K, K Uptake, and yield of seed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experiment design used a factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replication. The first factor was NPK fertilizer dosages with five levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100% recomendation dosages) and the second factor was soil orders with two levels (Andisols and Inceptisols). The results of experiment showed that the interaction effect between NPK fertilizer dosages and soil orders had significantly effect to soluble K and K Uptake. There were independent effect of NPK dosages to diameter of potatoes tuber and independent effect of soils order to yield of seed potatoes. Andisols with 25% NPK and Inceptisols with 50% NPK were the best combination treatment to increase soluble K while treatment Inceptisols with 25% NPK was the best combination treatment to increase K Uptake. Dosages of 25% NPK was the best treatment to increase diameter of potatoes tuber while Inceptisols was the best treatment to increase yield of seed potatoes.Keywords : NPK Fertilizer Dosages, Andisols, Inceptisols, Potassium, Potatoes

scholarly journals Ploidy Determination in Musa Germplasm Using Pollen and Chloroplast Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tenkouano ◽  
J.H. Crouch ◽  
H.K. Crouch ◽  
D. Vuylsteke
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Pollen Count ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Chloroplast Number ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
Ploidy Status

We attempted to determine ploidy level in the gametophyte and the sporophyte of Musa using pollen and chloroplast characteristics, respectively. In the gametophyte, interploidy differences accounted for 63.8% of the genetic variance for pollen diameter and 87.5% for pollen stainability, the remainder being attributable to intraploidy differences among clones. While pollen count and stainability effectively separated triploid accessions from diploids or tetraploids, they did not discriminate between diploids and tetraploids. In the sporophyte, the relative contributions of interploidy and intraploidy differences to genetic variation in the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells were 70.8% and 29.2%, respectively. Although pollen diameter and chloroplast number increased with ploidy, the use of the sporophytic parameter appears to provide a more satisfactory means of estimating ploidy status in Musa.

scholarly journals Correlación y componentes principales de variación en variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.).

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fernando Borrego-E ◽  
José M. Fernández-B ◽  
Alfonso López-B ◽  
Víctor M. Parga-T ◽  
Margarita Murillo-S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Degree Of Association

Seven potato genotypes were evaluated on field, with a random block design with four repetitions, and an experimental plot of three rows measuring five m long. The variables analyzed were morphological, physiological, agroclimatic and yield, by calculating Correlations and Principal Components Analysis (PCA), in attempt to find the degree of association between variables, and which variables contributed to the variation in the yield. The most correlated variables in the yield were plant height, the dry weight of leaves, and chlorophyll content. The PCA permitted a better screening between variables, such as photosynthesis, water use efficiency. When considering all variables together, the best varieties were Norteña, Mondial and Atlantic, found to be superior to the regional genotype (Alpha).

scholarly journals Seleksi Beberapa Klon Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) dari Hasil Persilangan untuk Karakter Daya Hasil Tinggi pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi di Ciwidey

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
NFN Kusmana
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Chips ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Hill Plot ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Superior Clones ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Selection of Several Potato Clones (Solanum tuberosum L.) Derived from Crosses for High Yielding on Highland of Ciwidey. Kusmana. Granola and Atlantic are two dominant varieties grown by farmers. So far no other alternative superior varieties that can be used by farmers to develop potato cultivation in the field. The objective of the research was to identify potato clones that were highest yielding in the highland Ciwidey and the potential for multy location evaluation. The experiment was conducted in Ciwidey, Bandung District at altitude 1.400 m above sea level. A total of 41 advanced breeding materials and variety was planted. A Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used and an experimental unit consisted of 10 hill/plot. The result indicated that high yielding clones (up to 35.6 t/ha) were obtained clones 29, (43.8 t/ha), 11 (38.2 t/ha), 31 (37.3 t/ha), 13 (36 t/ha) and 35 (35.6 t/ha). Whereas, the variety of Granola as a comparison was yielded only 23.4 t/ha. Clones 9, 22 and 35 were suitable for potato chips. This study indicated that among the genotipes tested, there were superior clones were promissing for potato cultivation in indonesia.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Areal pertanaman kentang cenderung semakin meningkat namun hasil yang dicapai petani masih relatif rendah sehingga diperlukan upaya pemuliaan untuk memperbaiki varietas yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ialah mendapatkan informasi tentang daya hasil 41 klon kentang yang berpotensi hasil tinggi pada ekosistem dataran tinggi Ciwidey. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung elevasi 1.400 m di atas permukaan laut. Rancangan Percobaan yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Jumlah klon yang diuji meliputi 41 klon harapan, termasuk varietas pembanding Granola. Populasi tanaman per plot terdiri atas 10 individu tanaman. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa hasil kentang tertinggi diperoleh pada klon 29 (43,8 t/ha), 11 (38,2 t/ha), 31 (37,3 t/ha), 13 (36 t/ha), dan 35 (35,6 t/ha), sementara hasil varietas pembanding Granola hanya 23,4 t/ha. Klon 9, 22 dan 35 berpotensi sebagai bahan baku industri kripik kentang. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan klon-klon kentang unggul sebagai calon varietas baru yang memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan produksi kentang di Indonesia.</p>

Performance evaluation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties under Northern Plainsof India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
TS MISHRA ◽  
NK MISHRA ◽  
VK MISHRA ◽  
US MISHRA ◽  
HM SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Plains ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tuber Sprouting

A field experiment was conducted at Allahabad in order to evaluate the performance of different Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties under the climatic conditions of Northern Plains of India.The experiment was carried out for two consecutive years i.e., during 2015-16 and 2016-17to assess the morphology, physiological behaviour of these potato varieties/strains under a similar set of agro-climatic conditions. All the potato varieties/strainsviz.E-4486,JI-5857, JI-1804, JI-1808, JG-224, JG-657,JE-808, JF-110, JF-27, JF-547,JG-1134, Fr/B-10, JH-222, EM/H- 1601,JF-4864, JF-5106, JF-4915,JH-49,JH-516,JI-5871,FR-B-4,FR-B-4,FR/B-21,FR.B-105,G-2524,Kufri Sheetman, Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Bahar, Kufri Lalima, Kufri Badshah, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Alankar and Kufri Sinduri were replicated thrice under randomized block design. Important information on different aspects like tuber sprouting, plant growth and development and yield was gathered in all the treatments.Potato variety JH-222 was the best performer followed by JG-224, E-4486, JF-547, Kufri Bahar, FR/B-10, Kufri Badshah, JF-110, Kufri Chandramukhi, EM/H-1601, Kufri Alankar, JF-27, JG-1334 and JE-808.

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