scholarly journals The implication of street network design for walkability: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 881 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
W S N Wan Mohammad ◽  
N I S Lokman ◽  
R Hasan ◽  
K Hassan ◽  
N Ramlee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Healthy Communities ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
The City ◽  
Travel Distances

Abstract A street network-friendly design allows walkability among people and is proven beneficial to the environment, community health, and economy of the city. Walkability in a street network increases potential trips by pedestrians through sidewalks and linked streets to create shorter travel distances. Street designs for pedestrian walkways are commonly ignored, with more focus on vehicular access, consequently leading to a lack of effort in improving the street network designs linked to various destinations. Accordingly, this paper reviews the street network designs affecting walkability from the perspective of the urban community. A systematic literature review method was employed to identify and analyse the articles published in the Sciencedirect.com database between 2004 and 2020 using two keywords: street network design and walkable city. The main finding suggested that street networks were associated with proper street designs. Therefore, a walkable city developed from a thriving street network design improved local physical activities and healthy communities.

scholarly journals The development of urban community health centres for strengthening primary care in China: a systematic literature review

2015 ◽  
pp. ldv043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry H. X. Wang ◽  
Jia Ji Wang ◽  
Samuel Y. S. Wong ◽  
Martin C. S. Wong ◽  
Stewart W. Mercer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Community Health Centres ◽  
Health Centres

The Development of Pompeii’s Urban Street Network

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Poehler
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
The City ◽  
Present Understanding

Chapter 2 explores the present understanding of Pompeii’s evolution by disassembling the apparent patchwork of grids across the city and reconsiders the presumed awkwardness in their adhesion. To do this, the traditional tools of formal analysis—street alignments and block shapes—are employed with and critiqued by the stratigraphic evidence recovered in the last three decades of excavation below the 79 CE levels. The result is an outline of the development of Pompeii’s urban form as a series of street networks: from the archaic age, through the period of the “hiatus” of the fifth and fourth centuries BCE, to a reorganization of the city’s space so profound that it can genuinely be considered a refoundation, and finally to the adjustments of a refounded city in the Colonial, Augustan, and post-earthquake(s) periods.

scholarly journals Availability of Essential Commodities and Related Bottlenecks for Community Health System: Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami Pradhan ◽  
Erin Bogue ◽  
Benjamin Schreiber ◽  
Hannah Sarah Dini ◽  
Hitesh Hurkchand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: This paper explores the extent of community-level stock-out of essential and program commodities for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) among Community Health Workers (CHWs) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), and identifies the underlying bottlenecks leading to such stock-outs.Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted of published and grey literature. 48 studies containing information on the number or percentage of CHWs or health facilities (HFs) stocked-out, or reasons for stock-outs at these levels, were included. In addition, interviews were conducted with domain experts from different organizations working on community health to identify primary reasons for stock-outs. The qualitative data regarding reasons for stock-outs were categorized under different themes, using a content analysis method. Results: 48.09% [CI 95%: 39.28 - 56.90] of the Community Health Workers and 54.76 % [CI 95%: 43.54 - 65.98] of the health facilities in SSA countries included in this study experienced stock-outs of essential commodities. A hypothesis test showed no significant difference in stock-out rates between CHWs and HFs. The most frequently cited reason for CHW stock-outs was a lack of financial resources, leading to inadequate national level stocks, affecting supply available at the last mile. Moreover, issues at HF and CHW levels in the following areas contributed to stock-outs: transportation, data and estimation of needs, human resources, and stock management and storage. These significant bottlenecks hinder the ability of CHWs to save lives.Conclusion: Stock-outs of health commodities impact almost half of CHWs, preventing effective service delivery. Many factors contribute to stock-outs, which occur at all levels of the health supply chain. A system strengthening approach is necessary to reduce CHW stock-outs. Sparse data, differing definitions of stock-outs, and inconsistent reporting metrics posed significant challenges to analyzing results from reviewed studies. Therefore, a set of standard metrics to measure the rate, period, and frequency of stock-outs in future studies is recommended.

What Kind of Compact Development Makes People Drive Less? The “Ds of the Built Environment” versus Neighborhood Amenities

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Elldér
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Compact Development ◽  
Car Driving ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Travel Distances

This article seeks insight into the kind of compact development that leads to reduced car driving by examining the significance of local amenities relative to the traditional “five Ds of the built environment.” Regression models of unique microdata covering all of Sweden show that an increasing number of amenities near home causes more people to give up driving and instead walk and cycle, and that the presence of even a few local amenities can mean shorter travel distances. After detailed consideration of local amenities, street network design has little significance, and the effects of diversity and density are significantly weakened.

scholarly journals Can Urban Street Network Characteristics Indicate Economic Development Level? Evidence from Chinese Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tashi LOBsang ◽  
Feng Zhen ◽  
Shanqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The street network is considered the skeleton of the city structure; it determines the efficiency and productivity of the city in that it acts like blood vessels transporting people, goods, and information. The relationship between street networks and economic development is an important research topic in urban geography. In recent years, complex network theory has been successfully used for understanding the characteristics of street network structure. However, researchers lack an analytical framework and methods for studying the relationship between the morphological structure of urban streets and the economic development level of cities. Accordingly, this paper proposes a methodological framework for first, quantitatively characterizing the urban morphological structure based on open street network data, and second, exploring the relationship between the morphological structure of the urban street and the urban economic development level. The proposed methodology was applied to 31 provincial capital cities in China. The results indicate that urban morphological structure can be quantitatively described by betweenness and closeness centrality extracted from street networks. Cities with similar structures have similar levels of economic development. Moreover, the results suggest a significant positive correlation between street network betweenness centrality Gini coefficients and cities’ economic development levels, indicating that the street network may affect city productivity. This study makes two major contributions to the scholarly literature. Methodologically, the proposed framework provides technical and methodological support for a better understanding of the relationship between cities’ economic development and urban street structure. Empirically, the demonstrated case study may guide decision-making involving regional development and the optimization of urban space.

The challenges in sustainability of urban freight network design and distribution innovations: a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangyuan He
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
City Development ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
Freight Planning

PurposeFreight network planning and the application of distribution innovations are popular fields of research on sustainable urban logistics. However, considerable research on freight network design lacks a comprehensive consideration of the application of distribution innovations. This observation implies that sustainable urban freight research appears highly fragmented in topics of network design and distribution innovations. From the perspective of long-term planning, this situation possibly serves as a barrier to further promotion of sustainability. The objective of this paper is to analyze existing research gaps of literature to further promote the sustainability of urban logistics systems from a future perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs a systematic literature review (SLR) method, which covers 164 papers and research works published in 2013–2018. The article corpus involved the innovative schemes of freight network design and the emerging delivery concepts in cities. Based on an analysis of articles' relevance, the most significant research contributions on both city logistics network design and exploitation of distribution innovations are detected.FindingsThis paper has found four research gaps in aspects of network design and distribution innovations. To respond to these gaps, we propose the research framework of sustainable and flexible future urban freight planning (SFFUFP) based on trends of city development, while discussing further research direction on urban freight planning.Originality/valueThe authors have found four research gaps in aspects of both urban freight network design and distribution innovations in which scholars could be encouraged to contribute. The research framework of SFFUFP can further promote sustainable urban logistics from a view of future management.

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