scholarly journals Review: Utilization of interspecific Acacia hybrid for pulp/paper industry and increasing of forest biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
S Sunarti ◽  
A Nirsatmanto
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Forest Biodiversity ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Pulp Paper

Abstract Wood-based forestry industries are one of the strategic sectors in the development for providing a good impact in ecological and socio-economic in a country. Such an industry should have high productivity in order to ensure sustainable resources and an efficient manufacturing process. Based on this fact, tree breeding program is one of the good practices which could be done through the hybridization method to increase the uses from forest genetic resources. This paper presents a review on the basis of the utilization of inter-specific Acacia hybrids resulted from hybridization between two species of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis for supporting the pulp/paper industry and increasing the forest biodiversity in Indonesia. Improving some traits relevant to the industrial requirements is the main target in the development of Acacia hybrid. This involves fast growth, good wood properties, and tolerance to pests and diseases. The Acacia hybrids could provide some advantages in overcoming the current problems of the forest plantation and industry in which some of them could not be resolved by planting the pure species. In addition, the varies of the Acacia hybrid progenies could be used to increase forest biodiversity, which is important as a genetic base for further breeding purposes and challenges.

scholarly journals Basic and Grade Stress for Some Timber in Sarawak

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Gaddafi Ismaili ◽  
Badorul Hisham Abu Bakar ◽  
Khairul Khuzaimah Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Strength Group ◽  
Fast Growing Species

Strength properties’ tests are conducted in the small clear sample. This paper aim to acquire the basic and grade stresses of some fast growing species thus identifies its strength group. Thus, the information of wood properties from different species and condition are acquired from strength property's test. The required information namely, bending parallel to the grain, compression stress parallel to grain, shear parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity. The condition of the trees which is referred to green and air-dry condition. Three different species which are referred to exotic species of Acacia mangium and indigenous species of Aras. The results from the study indicated that, Acacia mangium classified under the strength group SG5, whilst Aras was classified under the strength group SG7. The timber is of medium density Light Hardwood ranging from 0.37-0.52g/cm3 air-dry condition.

scholarly journals Relationship between Growth and Wood properties in Agathis sp. Planted in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Kazuko Makino ◽  
Imam Wahyudi ◽  
Jun Tanabe ◽  
Yuya Takashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The present study clarified the relationship between the growth and wood properties of 54-year-old Agathis sp. trees planted in Indonesia. Stem diameter, pilodyn penetration, and stress-wave velocity (SWV) were measured for all trees (35 trees) in a plot (30  30 m) located almost at the center of a stand. Based on the mean stem diameter, 10 standard trees in a plot were selected for measuring the basic density (BD) and compressive strength parallel to grain (CS). Core samples (5 mm in diameter) were collected from the 10 selected trees to determine BD and CS. The mean stem diameter, pilodyn penetration and SWV in the plot were 40.2  11.3 cm, 23.4  2.1 cm, and 3.85  0.43 km/s, respectively. No  significant correlation coefficeint (r = -0.327, no significance at 5% level) was obtained between stem diameter and SWV. The mean BD and CS in the 10 trees were 0.42  0.03 g/cm3  and 28.1  2.7 MPa, respectively. A significant positive  correlation was observed between BD and CS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between BD and CS values of the 10 trees, indicating that wood properties may differ among trees with the same standard growth in a stand. From these results, we concluded that wood quality improvement in this species could be achieved by selecting  trees with high density and strength in tree breeding programs.

Simulation of hybrid forest tree breeding strategies

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Kerr ◽  
M J Dieters ◽  
B Tier ◽  
H S Dungey
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Pure Species

Computer simulation is the only realistic method of evaluating alternative methods of breeding hybrid forest trees. Empirical tests would be very long term and expensive. This paper describes the development of a simulation program, called XSIM, which generates two different but closely related outcrossing tree species. The genetic correlation between performance in each parental species and performance in the resulting hybrid can be set, in addition to the amounts and types of variances in each parental species. The breeding strategies available for testing include conventional reciprocal recurrent selection, reciprocal recurrent selection with forward selection, recurrent selection within each pure species, and the creation of a synthetic species. XSIM allows the strategies to be compared using the same base populations, equivalent selection intensities, and comparable mating patterns. Innovative best linear unbiased prediction procedures allow all ancestral and current progeny generation data, from both parental species and the hybrid, to be analysed together. The theoretical basis for the simulation is given, and genetic and statistical models are described. In summary, XSIM allows rigorous comparisons of the strategies in terms of genetic gain per time and provides useful insight into hybrid forest tree breeding.

scholarly journals Characterization of natural provenances of Acacia mangium Willd. and Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. in Malaysia based on phenotypic traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 562-576
Author(s):  
Asif Muhammad Javed ◽  
Dorairaj Deivaseeno ◽  
Wickneswari Ratnam
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Planting Materials

Acacia mangium Willdenow and Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Bentham and their hybrid have become important planting species in Malaysia. Due to their high demand and consumption, development of high quality planting materials is desired. Conventional breeding of Acacia Miller is slow but the utilization of marker-assisted selection breeding can expedite the breeding process. Markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) required pedigreed populations whereas association mapping can be used directly on diverse germplasm. This study was conducted to screen provenances of A. mangium and A. auriculiformis of different geographical origins for their performance under the Malaysian environment. A. mangium exhibited superior traits compared to A. auriculiformis. More trait variation was observed within and between provenances of A. auriculiformis. Provenances from Queensland (QLD) were superior to those from Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Northern Territory. The best performing provenance with all three superior traits was from Claude River QTL of A. mangium and the worst was Bensbach Western Province, PNG belonging to A. auriculiformis. For individual traits like DBH, Morehead, PNG was superior. For plant height, Morehead, PNG was the superior provenance for A. mangium and Morehead River, QLD was from A. auriculiformis. For stem straightness the A. auriculiformis provenance Jardines Garden, QTL was superior to West of Morehead (PNG) for A. mangium. Multivariate analysis grouped provenances together based on similar traits and genetic similarity. These provenances can be used for seed families which can be treated as a homogeneous population for association mapping or for the development of segregating hybrid populations for Acacia breeding. For the purpose of utilization, provenances of A. mangium can be used for sawn timber. For fuelwood and charcoal industries, A. auriculiformis provenances should be preferred by selecting multi-stemmed trees. The most variable provenances with superior phenotypic traits can be integrated with the genotypic data e.g. single nucleotide polymorphism markers for association mapping to identify quantitative trait loci for marker-assisted breeding.

Environmental Protection in the United States Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Industry: An Overview of Regulation of Wastewater Under the U.S. Clean Water Act

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca W. Hanmer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Clean Water Act ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Pulp Paper

The pulp, paper, and paperboard industry in the United States is the larqest industrial user of water with half of the facilities discharging wastewater directly to our Nation's waters. The major pollutants of concern have historically been the conventional pollutants: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH. Biological treatment systems are currently employed to reduce these pollutants. Sludges generated by these treatment systems have been categorized as nonhazardous and are generally landfilled. Under the Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has promulgated all the reguired regulations for this industry. The national regulations are applied to individual pulp and paper mills through permits issued by EPA Regional or State staff. Permit limits can be written that are more restrictive than the national regulations to protect local water guality. In its current projects concerning the pulp and paper industry, EPA is focusing on the reduction of toxic pollutants. The Agency is conducting a joint EPA/industry program to study dioxin discharges at bleached kraft mills. The Agency will also undertake a comprehensive review of the pulp and paper regulations in 1988.

scholarly journals Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Isolated by Hybrid Organosolv—Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Hardwood and Softwood Biomass for the Production of Phenolics and Aromatics

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Charisteidis ◽  
Polykarpos Lazaridis ◽  
Apostolos Fotopoulos ◽  
Eleni Pachatouridou ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Alkyl Phenols ◽  
Biomass Sugars

Lignin, one of the three main structural biopolymers of lignocellulosic biomass, is the most abundant natural source of aromatics with a great valorization potential towards the production of fuels, chemicals, and polymers. Although kraft lignin and lignosulphonates, as byproducts of the pulp/paper industry, are available in vast amounts, other types of lignins, such as the organosolv or the hydrolysis lignin, are becoming increasingly important, as they are side-streams of new biorefinery processes aiming at the (bio)catalytic valorization of biomass sugars. Within this context, in this work, we studied the thermal (non-catalytic) and catalytic fast pyrolysis of softwood (spruce) and hardwood (birch) lignins, isolated by a hybrid organosolv–steam explosion biomass pretreatment method in order to investigate the effect of lignin origin/composition on product yields and lignin bio-oil composition. The catalysts studied were conventional microporous ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil–5) zeolites and hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with intracrystal mesopores (i.e., 9 and 45 nm) or nano-sized ZSM-5 with a high external surface. All ZSM-5 zeolites were active in converting the initially produced via thermal pyrolysis alkoxy-phenols (i.e., of guaiacyl and syringyl/guaiacyl type for spruce and birch lignin, respectively) towards BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) aromatics, alkyl-phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, mainly naphthalenes), with the mesoporous ZSM-5 exhibiting higher dealkoxylation reactivity and being significantly more selective towards mono-aromatics compared to the conventional ZSM-5, for both spruce and birch lignin.

Modelling and Advanced Control of Industrial Wood Waste Boilers

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Meeker ◽  
Majura F. Selekwa
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Robust Controller ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Waste Incinerators

This paper describes recent work to develop an improved approach to control of wood-waste fired boilers, and, in particular, bark-fired boilers commonly in operation in the pulp and paper industry. A brief review of the process and control requirements and common control methods currently employed is followed by a discussion of development of a first-principles boiler model suitable for use in development of a robust controller. A simple nonlinear model for the boiler is developed and used for designing a robust controller that offers better performance in terms of tracking the desired reference point in the face of uncertain variations in the system parameters. The objective of the proposed controller is to increase the responsiveness to load changes, reduce the variability of controlled parameters, and improve efficiency of the boiler (reducing fuel consumption). With hundreds of these boilers in operation at large pulp, paper, and paperboard mills in the U.S., potential net energy savings through efficiency improvement and reduced fuel consumption are substantial, with likely side benefits of reduced emissions and possible reapplication of developments to fossil-fired electric utility boilers, waste incinerators, hog fuel, and biomass boilers.

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